- Abstract：Various phase structures can be formed by rubber and rigid particles in a polymer. Which is more beneficial to the impact toughness and rigidity, as well as their balance. This has been unclear until now. In this study, polymer composites with typical three-phase structures, that is, hard core-soft shell particles, soft core-hard shell particles, and two types of separated particles, were studied theoretically. The calculated results indicate that the soft core-hard shell structure is the best for enhancing the modulus in these three-phase structures, whereas the hard core-soft shell structure is the worst. On the other hand, both core-shell structures are beneficial for enhancing toughness, whereas the two types of particle-separated structures are not. These theoretical results are supported by the experimental results for polypropylene (PP), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, and SiO2 composites.Keywords：Polymer composites;Polymer processing;Phase structure;Rigidity;Toughness0|0|0
Updated：2026-08-24 - Abstract：Understanding the film formation mechanism of waterborne latex is crucial for developing high-performance, eco-friendly coatings. However, the influence of various enviromental factors, i.e. temperature and wind, on spatiotemporal structure heterogeneity induced during drying complicates the establishment of the structure-process-property of coating. Here, we track a polyacrylate latex film formation using a custom-built single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hyphenated instrument. Two-dimensional correlation spectra reveal highly restricted water dynamics within the latex suspension, evidenced by a decreased self-diffusion coefficient D from 2.00×10–9 m2/s of pure water to 1.39×10–9 m2/s in suspension with a plummeted T1/T2 of 30, which is about 111 for pure water. For film drying under mild conditon (24 °C without airflow), dense particle packing induces strong capillary forces, generating anomalous fast-diffusion channels (D up to 31.05×10–9 m2/s) to accelerate water evaporation resulting in homogeneous structure along the thickness direction. Conversely, after introducing airflow, i.e. 35 °C with 10 L/min airflow, the accelerated drying rate (3.72 μm/min) drastically amplifies the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and triggers premature surface skinning. Such skin-core structure traps residual water inside and inhibit further coalescing of latex particles. The uncoalesced bottom layer thicknesses quantitatively predicted by non-destructive single-sided NMR (about 100, 200, and 400 μm), which is well consistent with SEM measurements (93, 240, and 409 μm, respectively). This work provides direct physical insights and theoretical guidance for the formulation and application of waterborne coatings during real service condition.Keywords：Single-sided NMR relaxometry;Skin-core structure;Latex film formation;In situ characterization;Drying kinetics0|0|0Updated：2026-08-24
- Abstract：The reprocessing and recycling of vulcanized rubbers remain challenging because conventional vulcanization networks are irreversible. Here, we designed a modified sulfur crosslinker via inverse vulcanization to regulate the exchange kinetics of vulcanization networks, thereby governing the mechanical recovery behavior of reprocessed rubbers. Copolymers of sulfur and thioctic acid (CSTA), synthesized via inverse vulcanization, were employed to crosslink butadiene-styrene rubber. After vulcanization, thioctic acid (TA) introduces dynamic disulfide bonds into the conventional vulcanization networks, enabling thermally activated network rearrangement while preserving the overall crosslinked structure. Kinetic analysis revealed that increasing the TA content accelerated network exchange and significantly lowered the apparent activation energy for network rearrangements. Correspondingly, the recovery of the mechanical properties after reprocessing improved with increasing TA content. These results establish a clear correlation between vulcanization network exchange kinetics and macroscopic mechanical performance, providing a kinetic basis for the design of reprocessable vulcanization networks and offering a promising route toward recyclable high-performance rubber materials.Keywords：Reprocessable vulcanization networks;Inverse vulcanization copolymers;Network exchange kinetics0|0|0Updated：2026-08-24
- Abstract：Intrinsically stretchable organic photodetectors (IS-OPDs) are highly attractive for applications such as skin-mounted wearables, soft robotics, and electronic textiles. However, simultaneously achieving mechanical robustness and stable optoelectronic functionality under high strain remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that the fibrillar network morphology formed by high-molecular-weight conjugated polymer blends provides an effective pathway to overcome this limitation. The entangled, interconnected polymer fibrils establish a mechanically percolated network that efficiently dissipates strain energy and suppresses crack propagation, enabling a high fracture strain of about 80% and enhanced toughness. The fibrillar network also forms continuous charge transport pathways, resulting in improved carrier mobility and reduced trap density. Therefore, the IS-OPDs exhibit outstanding performance stability under large deformations, maintaining a high detectivity of about 1012 Jones at strains above 40%, while enabling reliable optical communication and clear imaging capability even at 100% strain. Our study identifies a high-molecular-weight-driven fibrillar morphology as a key structural motif for mechanically robust IS-OPDs.Keywords：Conjugated polymers;Fibrillar morphology;Stretchable electronics;Organic photodetectors0|0|0Updated：2026-08-24
- Abstract：Lithium-ion battery liquid electrolytes serve as the "blood" of the battery, undertaking the critical mission of transporting lithium ions between the cathode and anode. Consequently, the market demand for performance continues to escalate. However, lithium-ion batteries still face substantial challenges in terms of specific energy, safety, and cycle life, with the degradation of ester-based electrolytes being particularly prominent. Therefore, research on multifunctional electrolyte additives has become a focal area, offering promising avenues for effectively addressing these challenges. This study systematically analyzed the degradation mechanisms of ester-based lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) electrolytes, emphasizing the pivotal role of the inevitably generated hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride (HF and PF5) in electrolyte breakdown. This elucidates the crucial contribution of mechanism-oriented functional groups in stabilizing electrolytes, scavenging HF/PF5, modulating solvation structures, and engineering robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). Furthermore, we developed a high-throughput computational workflow utilizing Gaussian 09, Multiwfn, and VMD to rationally design multifunctional additives through synergistic integration of functional groups and density functional theory (DFT)-guided screening. This approach evaluates HF/PF5 binding energies, frontier orbital energies (HOMO/LUMO) levels (redox activity), chemical hardness, and electrostatic potential interactions. Unlike previous reviews that primarily rely on empirical data summaries, this work innovatively bridges the gap between macroscale electrolyte failure behaviors and the microscale rational design of additives. By establishing a unified framework from HF/PF5 evolution to DFT-driven multi-functional molecular engineering, our study provides a predictive and systematic design guideline to minimize experimental trial and error, thereby accelerating the development of wide-temperature, high-voltage electrolytes with enhanced cycle life and safety.Keywords：Ester-based electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries;LiPF6 failure mechanisms;Functional groups;Computational chemistry1|0|0Updated：2026-08-24
- Abstract：Thermal runaway-induced safety issues have seriously hindered further development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a key component of LIBs, high-performance electrospun nanofiber separators (ENSs) with high-temperature self-closing functions can prevent safety issues caused by thermal runaway in LIBs. In this study, a sandwich-structured high-temperature self-closing polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane//adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to the poly(butylene succinate) (PAN/PU//CPBS) ENS (CPC ENS) was efficiently fabricated using free-surface electrospinning technology via material selection and structural design. A high-melting-point polyacrylonitrile-based ENS served as the intermediate layer, providing its thermal stability, while a low-melting-point polybutylene succinate-based ENS served as the outer layer, endowing it with a high-temperature self-closing function. To enhance its performance, CPC ENS was modified with polydopamine and loaded with porous structured UiO-66 rich in active sites, resulting in a high-performance self-closing UiO66@PDA@CPC ENS. The results showed that UiO66@PDA@CPC ENS had an excellent electrolyte uptake rate (740.7%±20.6%) and wettability (8.3°±0.3°), while maintaining good thermal stability at 160 °C. Furthermore, after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, the assembled battery maintained a discharge specific capacity of 139.6 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 92.4%. Meanwhile, the surface of the lithium sheet had a flat morphology, indicating that UiO66@PDA@CPC ENS had superior long-term cycling stability, thus demonstrating its enormous potential as a high-performance and safe LIB separator.Keywords：Lithium-ion battery separator;Electrospinning;Nanofiber separator;Sandwich structure;Self-closing30|18|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：Various external stimuli, such as pH, light, and temperature, have been widely used to trigger the hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition of a certain block in block copolymer, which has become a commonly used and effective strategy to induce the disassembly of vesicles for controlled drug release. Based on this, the disassembly behavior of the ABCA tetrablock asymmetric vesicles induced by the hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition of block C was studied using Monte Carlo simulation. In this work, the hydrophobicity of block C was tuned to mimic the hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition triggered by external stimuli. As the hydrophobicity of block C decreases, the initial ABCA asymmetric vesicles disassemble into a series of ordered aggregates such as Janus lamella, reversed asymmetric vesicle, toroid micelle, ring-like micelle and cylindrical micelle. It should be noted that these aggregates disassembled from the initial vesicle state cannot be obtained through the traditional self-assembly method from homogeneous states of the ABCA tetrablock terpolymers under the same conditions. The simulation results show that the hydrophobicity changing rate of block C has a significant effect on the disassembly pathway from the initial asymmetric vesicle to the reversed asymmetric vesicle. It is found that during the disassembly from the initial to the reversed vesicles, the system will undergo an energy-driven process first, then followed by an entropy-driven process. In addition, the simulation results further indicate that the disassembly behavior of the initial ABCA asymmetric vesicles is irreversible.Keywords：Disassembly;Tetrablock terpolymer;Vesicle;Monte Carlo simulation;Selective solvent29|8|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：A novel synthetic method towards recyclable polyesters rich in double bonds is highly desirable yet remains a considerable challenge. α-Ethylidene-δ-vinyl-δ-valerolactone (EVL), a lactone derived from CO2 and butadiene, is an attractive intermediate for the production of sustainable and functional copolymers. However, its anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is significantly impeded by undesired conjugate addition of the tiglate groups. This study presents the chemoselective and controlled ring-opening copolymerization (ROCP) of EVL with α-(1-(alkylthio)ethyl)-δ-vinyl-δ-valerolactones (ATEVL), which are derivatives of EVL and thiols, utilizing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as the catalyst. Conducted at temperatures ranging from –20 °C to 20 °C, the copolymerizations achieved 100% ROP selectivity with an initial EVL monomer content of less than 40 mol%. The resulting polyesters have number average molecular weights (Mn) between 3.8 and 11.0 kg/mol, low dispersities (Đ=1.15–1.28), and preserve intact conjugated double bonds. The obtained copolymers can be modified by Michael addition and light-induced thio-ene click reactions to produce polyesters with various functional groups. A transparent polyester network was formed upon UV-induced crosslinking, exhibiting considerable shear strength and fluorescence properties, making it a promising candidate for use as a fluorescent photocuring adhesive. This method provides a convenient approach to achieve the chemoselective ROCP of EVL, enabling the synthesis of linear CO2-based polyesters with numerous sites for post-polymerization modification.Keywords：Carbon dioxide based-lactone;Ring-opening polymerization;Copolymerization;Functional polyester;Fluorescent photocuring adhesive19|21|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：Ultrathin polymer films are difficult to fabricate over large areas and transfer without damage. Spreading polymer droplets on water offers an atomically flat and releasable substrate, but the attainable area is limited by interfacial friction and tension gradient difference. Here, we show that interfacial resistance, rather than tension difference alone, dictates the spreading limit. By introducing a hydrophobic liquid crystal (4-cyano-4’-heptylbiphenyl, 7CB), we uncover a superspreading phenomenon in which polymer droplets rapidly expand into large-area ultrathin films on aqueous salt solutions. This behavior is enabled by a phase-transition-enabled interfacial lubrication mechanism. During spreading, 7CB reaches a low-mobility nematic liquid-crystalline state and becomes enriched on the organic side of the solvent-water interface, forming a dynamically generated lubricating region that reduces resistance to rapid liquid-liquid spreading. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements reveal a sharp transition in molecular mobility, directly linking the phase state of 7CB to interfacial resistance reduction. This strategy is universal across polymers with diverse mechanical properties and enables the fabrication of transferable, nanometer-thick films with integrated functionalities. These findings redefine the role of liquid-liquid interfaces in spreading dynamics and provide a general framework for designing near-frictionless interfacial transport processes.Keywords：Liquid crystals;Polymer droplets;Phase transition;Superspreading;Self-lubrication7|8|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：The development of high-performance ionotronics is currently hindered by the fundamental trade-off between mechanical robustness (high modulus and toughness) and functional reliability (low hysteresis and high elasticity). Conventional toughening mechanisms that rely on sacrificial bonds inevitably introduce significant energy dissipation and irreversible creep, leading to fatal signal drifts in long-term applications. Herein, we report a synergistic spring-entanglement network that achieves simultaneous optimization of the modulus, recovery, and extensibility via topological modulation. By utilizing a click-chemistry-derived covalent framework as a stiff athermal spring, the elastomer achieved a skin-like modulus (approximately 1 MPa) and near-zero hysteresis (<0.51%). The strategic integration of ultra-high-molecular-weight polymer entanglements introduces topological constraints that function as non-dissipative stress delocalisers, facilitating a fracture strain of 142% without compromising the instantaneous restorative force. This architecture maintains low hysteresis and high elasticity over 10000 cycles, ensuring impeccable signal fidelity and negligible baseline drift in multimodal sensing. This synergistic topological design provides a robust foundation for reliably stable human-machine interfaces and precision ionotronics.Keywords：Elastomers;Ionotronics;High elasticity;Sensing;High-fidelity6|6|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：The rapid advancement of communication technologies and wearable applications has increased the demand for high-performance flexible electromagnetic wave absorption materials. Conventional conductive fibers are often constrained by their poor wearability, weak interfacial stability, and limited absorption efficiency, which restrict their reliability and practical applicability in dynamic environments. Herein, a flexible and robust electromagnetic-absorbing fiber was successfully fabricated via wet spinning techniques, which integrates multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polyaniline (PANI), and aramid nanofibers (ANFs). Polymerization of PANI on the MWCNTs surface is employed to optimize impedance matching and enhance interfacial compatibility, while ANFs serve as a continuous structural skeleton, improving the mechanical strength and spinnability. The resulting composite fibers exhibited a tensile strength of (202.0±8.0) MPa and an elongation at break of 13.6%±0.9%, stable electrical conductivity under mechanical deformation, and ultrasonic cleaning. Notably, the fiber architecture enables superior electromagnetic wave absorption, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −62.07 dB and an effective bandwidth of 3.24 GHz compared to the powder counterparts, owing to the extended propagation path and multiple scattering within the aligned fiber network. In addition, the composite fibers demonstrated self-extinguishing behavior during combustion, reflecting their inherent flame-retardant characteristics. This study provides a feasible strategy for developing flexible, high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing fibers for next-generation protective textile materials.Keywords：Microwave absorption performance;Flexible composite fiber;Aramid nanofibers;Polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes;Electrically stable7|3|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：Self-assembly of block copolymers (BCP) with quantum dots (QDs) in a three-dimensional confined emulsion system is an effective method for preparing advanced QD/polymer composite particles with diverse morphologies and functionalities. However, the obtained particles normally exhibit sub-micrometer sizes and contain residual toxic surfactants, which hinders their potential application in fluorescent bio-imaging. In this study, we designed and synthesized a rod-coil-type amphiphilic block copolymer bearing a rigid hydrophobic poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) block end-capped with a flexible hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment for the first time. Subsequently, the synthesized amphiphilic block copolymer, abbreviated as PENG, was employed as both the macromolecular surfactant and polymeric matrix to encapsulate the green-emitting oleophilic QD via emulsion confinement self-assembly. This process ultimately results in the generation of surfactant-free QD@PENG nanoparticles showing robust fluorescence emission over a wide pH and salt concentration range. Meanwhile, both the fine morphology and fluorescence emission of the QD@PENG nanoparticles were well preserved even after steam sterilization at 121 °C for 2 h, which is attributed to the high-temperature resistance of the rigid PEN segment. Owing to their robust fluorescence, biocompatibility, and nanoscale size (about 100 nm), the optimized QD@PENG nanoparticles exhibited good performance in fluorescent imaging of macrophage cells. The current work proves that the emerging rod-coil amphiphilic block copolymers could serve as a promising matrix for the preparation of reliable bio-imaging probes.Keywords：Amphiphilic block copolymer;Quantum dots;Rod-coil copolymer;Emulsion confinement self-assembly;Bio-imaging probe7|3|0Updated：2026-08-19
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Hydrogen Bonding in Gel Polymer Electrolyte Enables High Performance High-mass-loading Silicon Anode
Abstract：Although silicon is a promising anode material for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, the huge volume change during the cycling leads to collapse of the electrode structure and fast degradation, particularly for the high-mass-loading electrodes. This has severely hindered its practical application. Here, a crosslinked polymer gel electrolyte is developed for high-mass-loading Si electrode. The gel electrolyte was fabricated by in situ polymerization method using methyl methacrylate and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as the monomer and crosslinking agent, respectively. It forms hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups on the surface of silicon anode to fix silicon particles and shows high oxidative stability to be compatible with high voltage cathode. With such gel polymer electrolyte, a high-mass-loading Si anode at 3.5 mg·cm–2 achieves a largely improved cycling stability, with a high reversible capacity of 1462.4 mAh·g–1. Furthermore, full cells using the high-mass-loading Si anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode demonstrate exceptional cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 75.8% after 1000 cycles at 1 C, and stable cycling even at a high temperature of 60 °C. Our findings provide an effective strategy to promote the practical application of high-mass-loading Si anode for high energy density lithium ion batteries.Keywords：Lithium-ion battery;High-mass-loading silicon anode;Gel polymer electrolyte;In situ polymerization;Hydrogen bonding8|8|0Updated：2026-08-19 - Abstract：Hot pressing is widely used to tailor the structures and properties of polymer composites. However, how it drives structural evolution and thereby affects barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties remains insufficiently understood. In this work, graphene oxide-grafted carbon nanotube/polyamide 6 (GO-g-CNT/PA6) composites were subjected to hot pressing at different radial expansion ratios (ε=0, 2, and 4) to investigate the flow-induced structural evolution and the resulting property changes. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that hot pressing promoted the rearrangement and preferential alignment of the hybrid nanofillers, while two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction confirmed the enhanced crystalline orientation after hot pressing. Differential scanning calorimetry showed increased crystallinity in both the neat PA6 and GO-g-CNT/PA6 composites. Representative positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy analysis further indicated a reduction in the fractional free volume, whereas the characteristic size of individual free-volume holes remained nearly unchanged. The results indicate that the optimal hot-pressing condition is property-dependent. A moderate deformation at ε=2 is more favorable for improving the hydrogen barrier and tensile properties, whereas a stronger deformation at ε=4 is more effective in promoting in-plane heat transport. These findings establish a correlation between the processing, structural evolution, and multifunctional properties of GO-g-CNT/PA6 composites, providing guidance for the design of PA6-based liner materials for Type IV hydrogen storage vessels.Keywords：Hot pressing;Polyamide 6 composites;Hybrid nanofillers;Structural evolution;Hydrogen permeability7|4|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：Polymer-based scintillating materials hold considerable promise for a broad range of applications. However, their development has been constrained primarily by the intrinsically low exciton harvesting efficiency. Herein, we harness a host-guest energy transfer strategy to overcome this limitation. Through a simple radical polymerization, thermally activated delayed fluorescence units bearing a C＝O/N resonance structure are embedded into a pyridine-containing copolymer framework. Using pyridine groups with high triplet energies as the host matrix effectively suppresses aggregation-caused quenching and maintains efficient reverse intersystem crossing process of luminescent thermally activated delayed fluorescence unit for high exciton harvesting. The resulting material exhibits intense photoluminescence and radioluminescence emission at 492 nm. Line-pair and modulation transfer function analyses further validate that the scintillator delivers a spatial resolution of 13.3 lp/mm and a detection limit of 390 nGy/s. X-ray imaging experiments demonstrate that the material can clearly resolve complex internal structures of diverse specimens, confirming its potential for industrial non-destructive testing. This work presents a flexible, high-resolution organic scintillator and paves the way for its deployment in multi-scenario X-ray imaging.Keywords：Polymer-based scintillating materials;Host-guest energy transfer strategy;Spatial resolution;Detection limit8|4|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are widely used in commercial lithium-ion battery (LIB) separators owing to their high mechanical strength and chemical stability. However, both polymers suffer from poor high-temperature tolerance, low porosity, and inadequate electrolyte wettability, making it difficult to reconcile electrochemical performance with safety under thermal stress. Developing advanced lithium-ion battery separators is therefore crucial for achieving high efficiency, safe LIBs. This study presents a boehmite/polyacrylonitrile (BM/PAN) composite nanofiber separator fabricated by electrospinning and systematically examines how BM loading affects separator microstructure and electrochemical behavior. Compared with commercial PP separators, the BM/PAN composites exhibit a unique three-dimensional interconnected fiber network, together with markedly improved wettability, thermal stability and electrochemical properties. The optimal formulation contains 4 wt% BM (denoted PAN-BM-4) exhibited an outstanding wettability with electrolyte uptake of 692.5% with the porosity of 80.7% and electrolyte contact angle of 25.5°, ensuring rapid electrolyte infiltration and efficient ion transport. It also displayed a higher mechanical property with tensile strength of 7.9 MPa and elongation at break of 27% (cf. 6.5 MPa and about 45% for pure PAN), indicating enhanced structural integrity. Meanwhile, such PAN-BM-4 separator demonstrates an excellent thermal stability with negligible shrinkage at 200 °C and a residual mass of 57.6% at 800 °C, effectively mitigating the thermal-runaway risk of conventional separators. Moreover, as to the electrochemical performance, this unique PAN-BM-4 separator showed an ionic conductivity of 3.31 mS/cm, more than six times that of commercial PP, and the electrochemical stability window exceeding 5.5 V (versus Li+/Li) and a Li+ transference number (tLi+) of 0.42, substantially higher than PP (0.28) and pure PAN (0.34), reflecting enhanced selective Li+ transport. Besides, in half-cell testing, the PAN-BM-4 separator delivers an initial discharge capacity of 140.6 mAh/g at 0.5 C with 88.3% capacity retention after 100 cycles. In summary, this work establishes a viable materials-design strategy and experimental framework for next-generation LIB separators that simultaneously achieve high ionic conductivity, superior thermal stability and favorable interfacial compatibility.Keywords：Electrospinning;Lithium-ion battery;separator;Polyacrylonitrile;Boehmite8|11|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their unique advantages, including excellent operational stability and mechanical flexibility. However, the development of high-performance all-PSCs remains constrained because commonly used polymer donors usually suffer from lengthy synthesis and high production costs. Polythiophenes (PTs), which have simple structures and low-cost synthesis, are promising donor candidates for all-PSCs. Nevertheless, the application of PTs in all-PSCs has been hindered by their mismatched energy levels and unfavorable active layer morphology. Herein, two new PTs with a fluorinated polymer backbone and branched alkyl chains, namely P3T2F-DT and P3T2F-DP, were designed and synthesized for high-performance all-PSCs. Fluorination downshifted the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, whereas the delicate design of the alkyl chain branching point further modulated the aggregation characteristics and donor-acceptor miscibility. When blended with the polymer acceptor PY-DT-X, P3T2F-DT exhibited improved polymer crystallinity and formed a well-developed fibrillar network in the blend film. Consequently, the all-PSC based on P3T2F-DT achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.64% with a fill factor (FF) of 76.02%, both of which represent the highest reported values for PT-based all-PSCs to date. This work provides a feasible molecular design strategy for PT donors for all-PSCs and demonstrates the great potential of PTs for high-performance, low-cost solar cell modules on an industrial scale.Keywords：All-polymer solar cells;Polythiophene donors;High efficiency;Molecular design;Morphology regulation10|0|0Updated：2026-08-19
- Abstract：Advanced aerospace technologies demand polymer-based wave-transparent materials with low dielectric constant (Dk), low dissipation factor (Df), and high heat resistance for hypersonic vehicles. Thermosetting polyimides (PIs) from phenylethynyl-terminated imide (PETI) oligomers are promising candidates due to their excellent thermal stability; however, their application is limited by high Dk and Df at high frequencies and processing difficulties. Here, a series of PETI oligomers were designed and synthesized by polycondensation of 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride containing a Cardo structure, and six diamine monomers, respectively. The diamines were divided into three pairs by backbone flexibility, with each pair comprising a non-fluorinated diamine and its trifluoromethyl (―CF3) substituted analog. The effects of chain segment flexibility and ―CF3 substitution on the processability of the oligomers and the properties of the cured PIs were systematically investigated. Results show that oligomers with ―CF3 groups exhibit enhanced solubility and improved viscosity stability at 270 °C compared to their non-fluorinated counterparts. Moreover, the corresponding cured resins show lower Dk and Df values while maintaining good thermal stability and mechanical properties. Notably, the BPAF-FA system exhibits favorable properties: an oligomer solubility of 40 wt% in NMP, and a minimum melt viscosity of 5.61 Pa·s; Dk=2.953, Df=0.0098 (at 50% RH), Tg=403 °C. Mechanistic analysis indicates that these improvements result from the synergistic effects of the intrinsic characteristics of ―CF3 groups (steric hindrance, electron-withdrawing effect, low polarizability, and hydrophobicity) and their role in influencing chain flexibility, symmetry, and molecular packing. These findings provide valuable guidance for the design of high-temperature-resistant, low-dielectric wave-transparent composite materials.Keywords：Thermosetting polyimides;Phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomers;Trifluoromethyl;Structure−property relationships;High-frequency dielectric properties67|26|0Updated：2026-08-07
- Abstract：Vascular closure devices (VCDs) play a critical role in preventing bleeding and hematoma formation after percutaneous interventions. Despite effective mechanical hemostasis, the current collagen-based VCDs lack anti-inflammatory and regenerative capabilities. Herein, we report the development of a polydopamine (PDA)-modified collagen sponge (Col@PDA) to enhance the anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative potential of collagen-based materials. PDA modification not only preserved the sponges’ inherent porosity and swelling behavior but also endowed them with immunomodulatory functions. In vitro, the modified sponges exhibited superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts. In a rat subcutaneous implantation model, Col@PDA attenuated local inflammation, promoted dermal regeneration, and enhanced collagen deposition and angiogenic factor expression. Collectively, PDA modification enables collagen sponges to actively modulate the healing microenvironment, resulting in faster tissue repair than unmodified collagen sponges.Keywords：Vascular closure device;Collagen sponge;Polydopamine;Anti-inflammatory;Tissue repair74|28|0Updated：2026-08-07
- Abstract：Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a green chemical with extensive applications in chemical synthesis and environmental remediation. While the industrial anthraquinone process remains the dominant production method, solar-driven photocatalytic H2O2 production has emerged as a promising strategy to complement or optimize current production models, particularly for on-site applications. Among various porous organic polymers (POPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have attracted significant attention as a premier platform due to their modular construction and precise molecular-level tunability. Here, we systematically summarize recent progress in POPs-based photocatalysts, with a primary focus on the structural and functional modification of COFs and CTFs. We first elucidate the fundamental principles and existing challenges of photocatalytic H2O2 production. Subsequently, the research landscape of various POPs materials in photocatalysis is discussed. Taking COFs and CTFs as representative examples, we then highlight advanced modification strategies, including the design of donor-acceptor (D-A) structures, functional group engineering, and the construction of heterostructures. These strategies effectively facilitate efficient charge separation, extend carrier lifetimes, and improve mass transport, thereby enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency. Finally, we summarize the current state of the field and offer perspectives on future research directions for POPs-based photocatalytic H2O2 production.Keywords：Porous organic polymers;Photocatalysis;Hydrogen peroxide;Molecular engineering;Structure-property relationship71|18|0Updated：2026-08-05
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