High-temperature Thermo-oxidative Aging of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Zhou-Xian Li; Yi-Ran Kong; Xiang-Fei Chen; Ya-Jiang Huang; Ya-Dong Lv; Guang-Xian Li

doi:10.1007/s10118-023-2948-9

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

High-temperature Thermo-oxidative Aging of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2023-07-18

- High-temperature Thermo-oxidative Aging of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 41, Issue 8, Pages: 1287-1297(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of polymer science and engineering, State key laboratory of polymer materials engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Author bio：
  
  hyj@scu.edu.cn (Y.J.H.)
  guangxianli@scu.edu.cn (G.X.L.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-023-2948-9
  CLC：
Scan for full text
Zhou-Xian Li, Yi-Ran Kong, Xiang-Fei Chen, et al. High-temperature Thermo-oxidative Aging of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. [J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 41(8):1287-1297(2023)
DOI：

Zhou-Xian Li, Yi-Ran Kong, Xiang-Fei Chen, et al. High-temperature Thermo-oxidative Aging of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. [J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 41(8):1287-1297(2023) DOI： 10.1007/s10118-023-2948-9.

摘要

Abstract

The aging of natural rubber (NR) at high temperatures will seriously affect its service lifetime in many key applications. In the present work, the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of semi-efficient vulcanized NR/carbon black (CB) vulcanizates during thermo-oxidative aging at high temperatures (150−200 °C) and a moderate temperature (95 °C) were compared. At high temperatures, a two-stage aging behavior, which was characteristic of a first rapid decline and then a continuous rise in the crosslinking density (,v,e,), was identified and was found to be closely related to the depletion behavior of antioxidants. The surface cracking behavior observed in the second stage of high-temperature aging was discussed in terms of the grafting reaction of macromolecular radicals on CB particles and thermal expansion. In contrast, the aging of NR at moderate temperatures was much mild, which featured a continuous increase in ,v,e, and an oxidation mechanism dominated by peroxy radicals attacking double bonds. In general, the mechanical properties of NR vulcanizates during high-temperature aging depended on the competition effects of structural evolution in the crosslinked network and oxidation-induced chain scission.

关键词

Keywords

Natural rubber nanocompositesHigh-temperatureThermo-oxidative aging

references

Tabsan,N.;Wirasate,S.;Suchiva,K.Abrasionbehavioroflayeredsilicatereinforcednaturalrubber.Wear2010,269,394−404..

Chen,Q.;Zhang,Z.;Huang,Y.;Zhao,H.;Chen,Z.;Gao,K.;Yue,T.;Zhang,L.;Liu,J.Structure-mechanicsrelationofnaturalrubber:insightsfrommoleculardynamicssimulations.ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.2022,4,3575−3586..

Shi,X.;Sun,S.;Zhao,A.;Zhang,H.;Zuo,M.;Song,Y.;Zheng,Q.InfluenceofcarbonblackonthePayneeffectoffillednaturalrubbercompounds.Compos. Sci. Technol.2021,203,108586..

Grasland,F.;Chazeau,L.;Chenal,J.M.Aboutthermo-oxidativeageingatmoderatetemperatureofconventionallyvulcanizednaturalrubber.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2019,161,74−84..

Lee,Y.H.;Cho,M.;Nam,J.D.;Lee,Y.EffectofZnOparticlesizesonthermalagingbehaviorofnaturalrubbervulcanizates.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2018,148,50−55..

Zhang,Z.;Sun,J.;Lai,Y.;Wang,Y.;Liu,X.;Shi,S.;Chen,X.Effectsofthermalagingonuniaxialratchetingbehaviorofvulcanisednaturalrubber.Polym. Test.2018,70,102−110..

Datta,R.;Huntink,N.;Datta,S.;Talma,A.Rubbervulcanizatesdegradationandstabilization.Rubber. Chem. Technol.2007,80,436−480..

Howse,S.;Porter,C.;Mengistu,T.;Petrov,I.;Pazur,R.J.Experimentaldeterminationofthequantityanddistributionofchemicalcrosslinksinunagedandagednaturalrubber.II:Asulfurdonorsystem.Rubber. Chem. Technol.2019,92,513−530..

Zheng,W.;Liu,L.;Zhao,X.;He,J.;Wang,A.;Chan,T.W.;Wu,S.Effectsoflanthanumcomplexonthethermo-oxidativeagingofnaturalrubber.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2015,120,377−383..

Choi,S.S.;Kim,E.Anovelsystemformeasurementoftypesanddensitiesofsulfurcrosslinksofafilledrubbervulcanizate.Polym. Test.2015,42,62−68..

Sun,Y.;Huang,J.;He,J.;Tang,Z.;Zhu,L.;Liu,F.Effectsofanovelhinderedphenolsamariumcomplexonthethermo-oxidativeagingofstyrene-butadienerubber/silicacomposites.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2021,185,109482..

Colin,X.;Audouin,L.;Verdu,J.Kineticmodellingofthethermaloxidationofpolyisopreneelastomers.Part3:Oxidationinducedchangesofelasticproperties.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2007,92,906−914..

Li,G.Y.;Koenig,J.L.Areviewofrubberoxidation.Rubber. Chem. Technol.2005,78,355−390..

Alroqi,A.A.;Wang,W.;Zhao,Y.Aircrafttiretemperatureattouchdownwithwheelprerotation.J. Aircraft.2016,54,926−938..

Chen,X.;Kong,Y.;Wang,M.;Huang,X.;Huang,Y.;Lv,Y.;Li,G.Wearandagingbehaviorofvulcanizednaturalrubbernanocompositesunderhigh-speedandhigh-loadslidingwearconditions.Wear2022,498,204341..

Valentín,J.L.;Mora-Barrantes,I.;Carretero-González,J.;López-Manchado,M.A.;Sotta,P.;Long,D.R.;Saalwächter,K.Novelexperimentalapproachtoevaluatefiller-elastomerinteractions.Macromolecules2010,43,334−346..

Wang,M.;Wang,R.;Chen,X.;Kong,Y.;Huang,Y.;Lv,Y.;Li,G.Effectofnon-rubbercomponentsonthecrosslinkingstructureandthermo-oxidativedegradationofnaturalrubber.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2022,196,109845..

Ghosh,P.;Katare,S.;Patkar,P.;Caruthers,J.M.;Venkatasubramanian,V.;Walker,K.A.Sulfurvulcanizationofnaturalrubberforbenzothiazoleacceleratedformulations:fromreactionmechanismstoarationalkineticmodel.Rubber. Chem. Technol.2003,76,592−693..

Fu,D.H.;Zhan,Y.H.;Yan,N.;Xia,H.S.Acomparativeinvestigationonstraininducedcrystallizationforgrapheneandcarbonnanotubesfillednaturalrubbercomposites.Express Polym. Lett.2015,9,597−607..

Li,Y.;Liu,X.;Hu,X.;Luo,W.Changesintensileandtearingfracturepropertiesofcarbon-blackfilledrubbervulcanizatesbythermalaging.Polym. Adv. Technol.2015,26,1331−1335..

Huang,M.;Lu,J.;Han,B.;Qiu,M.;Zhang,L.Covalentgraftingapproachforimprovingthedispersionofcarbonblackinstyrene-butadienerubbercompositesbycopolymerizingp-(2,2’-diphenylethyl)styrenewithathermallydecomposedtriphenylethanependant.Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.2016,55,9459−9467..

Jamroż,M.;Kozłowski,K.;Sieniakowski,M.;Jachym,B.UseofESRtoinvestigateformationoffreeradicalsoncompoundingrubberswithcarbonblacks.J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.1977,15,1359−1367..

Luo,K.;You,G.;Zhao,X.;Lu,L.;Wang,W.;Wu,S.Synergisticeffectsofantioxidantandsilicaonenhancingthermo-oxidativeresistanceofnaturalrubber:Insightsfromexperimentsandmolecularsimulations.Mater. Design.2019,181,107944..

Yurekli,K.;Krishnamoorti,R.;Tse,M.;McElrath,K.;Tsou,A.;Wang,H.C.Structureanddynamicsofcarbonblack-filledelastomers.J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2001,39,256−275..

Schwartz,G.A.;Cerveny,S.;Marzocca,Á.J.;Gerspacher,M.;Nikiel,L.Thermalagingofcarbonblackfilledrubbercompounds.I.Experimentalevidenceforbridgingflocculation.Polymer2003,44,7229−7240..

Xu,Z.;Song,Y.;Zheng,Q.Payneeffectofcarbonblackfillednaturalrubbercompoundsandtheircarbonblackgels.Polymer2019,185,121953..

Thajudin,N.L.N.;Zainol,M.H.;Shuib,R.K.Intrinsicroomtemperatureself-healingnaturalrubberbasedonmetalthiolateionicnetwork.Polym. Test.2021,93,106975..

Naskar,K.;Kokot,D.;Noordermeer,J.Influenceofvariousstabilizersonageingofdicumylperoxide-curedpolypropylene/ethylene-propylene-dienethermoplasticvulcanizates.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2004,85(2),831−839..

Edge,M.;Allen,N.S.;Gonzalez-Sanchez,R.;Liauw,C.M.;Read,S.J.;Whitehouse,R.B.TheinfluenceofcureandcarbonblackonthehightemperatureoxidationofnaturalrubberI.Correlationofphysico-chemicalchanges.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.1999,64,197−205..

Chaikumpollert,O.;Sae-Heng,K.;Wakisaka,O.;Mase,A.;Yamamoto,Y.;Kawahara,S.Lowtemperaturedegradationandcharacterizationofnaturalrubber.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2011,96,1989−1995..

Zhuo,W.Y.;Wang,Q.L.;Li,G.;Yang,G.;Zhang,H.;Xu,W.;Niu,Y.H.;Li,G.X.Detectionofthedestructionmechanismofperfluorinatedelastomer(FFKM)networkunderthermo-oxidativeagingconditions.Chinese J. Polym. Sci.2022,40,504−514..

Do,T.-T.;Celina,M.;Fredericks,P.M.Attenuatedtotalreflectanceinfraredmicrospectroscopyofagedcarbon-filledrubbers.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2002,77,417−422..

Song,P.;Wan,C.;Xie,Y.;Zhang,Z.;Wang,S.Stepwiseexfoliationofboundrubberfromcarbonblacknanoparticlesandthestructurecharacterization.Polym. Test.2018,71,115−124..

Colin,X.;Audouin,L.;Verdu,J.Kineticmodellingofthethermaloxidationofpolyisopreneelastomers.Part1:Unvulcanizedunstabilizedpolyisoprene.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2007,92,886−897..

Jordan,M.Interfacesincomposites.reinforcementofelastomersbycarbonblack.J. Macromol. Sci. A1974,8,579−592..

Dong,R.;Zhao,M.;Xia,W.;Yi,X.;Dai,P.;Tang,N.Chemicalandmicroscopicinvestigationofco-pyrolysisofcrumbtirerubberwithwastecookingoilatmildtemperature.Waste. Manage.2018,79,516−525..

Kilbane,J.J.Desulfurizationofcoal:themicrobialsolution.Trends. Biotechnol.1989,7,97−101..

Candau,N.;Laghmach,R.;Chazeau,L.;Chenal,J.M.;Gauthier,C.;Biben,T.;Munch,E.Strain-inducedcrystallizationofnaturalrubberandcross-linkdensitiesheterogeneities.Macromolecules2014,47,5815−5824..

Tomer,N.S.;Delor-Jestin,F.;Singh,R.P.;Lacoste,J.Cross-linkingassessmentafteracceleratedageingofethylenepropylenedienemonomerrubber.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2007,92,457−463..

Candau,N.;Oguz,O.;Peuvrel-Disdier,E.;Bouvard,J.L.;Pradille,C.;Billon,N.Strain-inducednetworkchainsdamageincarbonblackfilledEPDM.Polymer2019,175,329−338..

Baba,M.;Nedelec,J.;Lacoste,J.;Gardette,J.;Morel,M.Crosslinkingofelastomersresultingfromageing:useofthermoporosimetrytocharacterisethepolymericnetworkwithn-heptaneascondensate.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.2003,80,305−313..

Baba,M.;Gardette,J.L.;Lacoste,J.CrosslinkingonageingofelastomersII.Comparisonofsolventfreezingpointdepressionandconventionalcrosslinkingevaluation.Polym. Degrad. Stabil.1999,65,415−420..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Dipolar Glass Polymers for Capacitive Energy Storage at Room Temperatures and Elevated Temperatures

Detection of the Destruction Mechanism of Perfluorinated Elastomer (FFKM) Network under Thermo-oxidative Aging Conditions

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University

Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology

⁰