Quinoxaline-based Polymers with Asymmetric Aromatic Side Chain Enables 16.27% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells

Dong-Xu Li; Shu-Fang Li; Cheng-Long Wen; Chao-Yuan Sun; Chang-Zhou Shi; Xin-Xin Xia; Xin-Hui Lu; Li-Hui Jiang; Jun Yuan; Ying-Ping Zou

doi:10.1007/s10118-023-2895-5

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Quinoxaline-based Polymers with Asymmetric Aromatic Side Chain Enables 16.27% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2023-06-14

- Quinoxaline-based Polymers with Asymmetric Aromatic Side Chain Enables 16.27% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells
  Enhanced Publication
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 41, Issue 7, Pages: 1002-1010(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
  b.Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Author bio：
  
  junyuan@csu.edu.cn (J.Y.)
  yingpingzou@csu.edu.cn (Y.P.Z.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-023-2895-5
  CLC：
Scan for full text
Dong-Xu Li, Shu-Fang Li, Cheng-Long Wen, et al. Quinoxaline-based Polymers with Asymmetric Aromatic Side Chain Enables 16.27% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells. [J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 41(7):1002-1010(2023)
DOI：

Dong-Xu Li, Shu-Fang Li, Cheng-Long Wen, et al. Quinoxaline-based Polymers with Asymmetric Aromatic Side Chain Enables 16.27% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells. [J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 41(7):1002-1010(2023) DOI： 10.1007/s10118-023-2895-5.

摘要

Four quinoxaline-based polymer donors with asymmetric aromatic side chain, TPQ-0F, TPQ-1F, TPQ-1Fi, and TPQ-2F were designed and synthesized. The binary OSC based on TPQ-2F and Y6 achieved an efficient PCE of 16.27 %, which was attributed to balanced hole/electron mobilities, less charge carrier recombination, better excitondissociation and charge transport, and more favorable morphology.

Abstract

In recent years, due to the rapid development of high-performance small molecule acceptor (SMA) materials, the researches on ,p,-type electron donor materials for matching with current efficient SMAs have become important. By means of asymmetric strategies to optimize the energy levels and inter/intramolecular interactions of molecules, we designed and synthesized an asymmetric aromatic side chain quinoxaline-based polymer donor TPQ-0F. Meanwhile, we took advantage of F atom which could form noncovalent interaction and strong electron-withdrawing property, to obtain the optimized quinoxaline-based polymer donors TPQ-1F, TPQ-1Fi and TPQ-2F. Eventually, the binary device based on TPQ-2F achieved an efficient power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.27%, which attributed to balanced hole/electron mobilities, less charge carrier recombination, and more favorable aggregation morphology. Our work demonstrates the great potential of asymmetric aromatic side chain quinoxaline-based polymer donors on optimizing the morphology of blending films, improving inter/intramolecular interactions, and subtly tuning energy level, finally for more efficient organic solar cells.

关键词

Keywords

Asymmetric aromatic side chainQuinoxaline-based polymer donorFluorine substitutionBinary device

references

Li,Y.F.Moleculardesignofphotovoltaicmaterialsforpolymersolarcells:towardsuitableelectronicenergylevelsandbroadabsorption.Acc. Chem. Res.2012,45,723−733..

Zhang,Z.G.;Li,Y.Polymerizedsmall-moleculeacceptorsforhigh-performanceall-polymersolarcells.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2021,60,4422−4433..

Li,Y.;Zou,Y.Conjugatedpolymerphotovoltaicmaterialswithbroadabsorptionbandandhighchargecarriermobility.Adv. Mater.2008,20,2952−2958..

Zhang,M.;Guo,X.;Ma,W.;Ade,H.;Hou,J.Alarge-bandgapconjugatedpolymerforversatilephotovoltaicapplicationswithhighperformance.Adv. Mater.2015,27,4655−4660..

Zhao,W.;Li,S.;Yao,H.;Zhang,S.;Zhang,Y.;Yang,B.;Hou,J.Molecularoptimizationenablesover13%efficiencyinorganicsolarcells.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2017,139,7148−7151..

Yuan,J.;Huang,T.;Cheng,P.;Zou,Y.;Zhang,H.;Yang,J.L.;Chang,S.Y.;Zhang,Z.;Huang,W.;Wang,R.;Meng,D.;Gao,F.;Yang,Y.Enablinglowvoltagelossesandhighphotocurrentinfullerene-freeorganicphotovoltaics.Nat. Commun.2019,10,570..

Wei,Q.;Liu,W.;Leclerc,M.;Yuan,J.;Chen,H.;Zou,Y.A-DA’D-Anon-fullereneacceptorsforhigh-performanceorganicsolarcells.Sci. China Chem.2020,63,1352−1366..

Sun,C.;Pan,F.;Bin,H.;Zhang,J.;Xue,L.;Qiu,B.;Wei,Z.;Zhang,Z.G.;Li,Y.Alowcostandhighperformancepolymerdonormaterialforpolymersolarcells.Nat. Commun.2018,9,743..

Wang,D.;Qin,R.;Zhou,G.;Li,X.;Xia,R.;Li,Y.;Zhan,L.;Zhu,H.;Lu,X.;Yip,H.L.;Chen,H.;Li,C.Z.High-performancesemitransparentorganicsolarcellswithexcellentinfraredreflectionandsee-throughfunctions.Adv. Mater.2020,32,e2001621..

Meng,L.;Zhang,Y.;Wan,X.;Li,C.;Zhang,X.;Wang,Y.;Ke,X.;Xiao,Z.;Ding,L.;Xia,R.;Yip,H.L.;Cao,Y.;Chen,Y.Organicandsolution-processedtandemsolarcellswith17.3%efficiency.Science2019,361,1094−1098..

Meng,X.;Zhang,L.;Xie,Y.;Hu,X.;Xing,Z.;Huang,Z.;Liu,C.;Tan,L.;Zhou,W.;Sun,Y.;Ma,W.;Chen,Y.Ageneralapproachforlab-to-manufacturingtranslationonflexibleorganicsolarcells.Adv. Mater.2019,31,e1903649..

Che,X.;Li,Y.;Qu,Y.;Forrest,S.R.Highfabricationyieldorganictandemphotovoltaicscombiningvacuum-andsolution-processedsubcellswith15%efficiency.Nat. Energy2018,3,422−427..

Yan,T.T.;Song,W.;Huang,J.M.;Peng,R.X.;Huang,L.K.;Ge,Z.Y.16.67%Rigidand14.06%flexibleorganicsolarcellsenabledbyternaryheterojunctionstrategy.Adv. Mater.2019,31,1902210..

Zheng,Z.;Wang,J.;Bi,P.;Ren,J.;Wang,Y.;Yang,Y.;Liu,X.;Zhang,S.;Hou,J.Tandemorganicsolarcellwith20.2%efficiency.Joule2022,6,171−184..

Zhang,J.;Tan,H.S.;Guo,X.;Facchetti,A.;Yan,H.Materialinsightsandchallengesfornon-fullereneorganicsolarcellsbasedonsmallmolecularacceptors.Nat. Energy2018,3,720−731..

Yu,G.;Gao,J.;Hummelen,J.C.;Wudl,F.;Heeger,A.J.Polymerphotovoltaiccells:enhancedefficienciesviaanetworkofinternaldonor-acceptorheterojunctions.Science1995,270,1789−1791..

Sun,C.;Zhu,C.;Meng,L.;Li,Y.Quinoxaline-basedD-Acopolymersfortheapplicationsaspolymerdonorandholetransportmaterialinpolymer/perovskitesolarcells.Adv. Mater.2021,34,2104161..

Lin,Y.Z.;Wang,J.Y.;Zhang,Z.G.;Bai,H.T.;Li,Y.F.;Zhu,D.B.;Zhan,X.W.Anelectronacceptorchallengingfullerenesforefficientpolymersolarcells.Adv. Mater.2015,27,1170−1174..

Feng,L.;Yuan,J.;Zhang,Z.;Peng,H.;Zhang,Z.G.;Xu,S.;Liu,Y.;Li,Y.;Zou,Y.Thieno3,2-bpyrrolo-fusedpentacyclicbenzotriazole-basedacceptorforefficientorganicphotovoltaics.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces2017,9,31985−31992..

Yuan,J.;Zhang,Y.;Zhou,L.;Zhang,G.;Yip,H.L.;Lau,T.K.;Lu,X.;Zhu,C.;Peng,H.;Johnson,P.A.;Leclerc,M.;Cao,Y.;Ulanski,J.;Li,Y.;Zou,Y.Single-junctionorganicsolarcellwithover15%efficiencyusingfused-ringacceptorwithelectron-deficientcore.Joule2019,3,1140−1151..

Yuan,J.;Zou,Y.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofY6.Org. Electron.2022,102,106436..

Cui,Y.;Yao,H.;Zhang,J.;Xian,K.;Zhang,T.;Hong,L.;Wang,Y.;Xu,Y.;Ma,K.;An,C.;He,C.;Wei,Z.;Gao,F.;Hou,J.Single-junctionorganicphotovoltaiccellswithapproaching18%efficiency.Adv. Mater.2020,32,e1908205..

Cui,Y.;Xu,Y.;Yao,H.;Bi,P.;Hong,L.;Zhang,J.;Zu,Y.;Zhang,T.;Qin,J.;Ren,J.;Chen,Z.;He,C.;Hao,X.;Wei,Z.;Hou,J.Single-junctionorganicphotovoltaiccellwith19%efficiency.Adv. Mater.2021,33,2102420..

Bao,S.;Yang,H.;Fan,H.;Zhang,J.;Wei,Z.;Cui,C.;Li,Y.Volatilizablesolidadditive-assistedtreatmentenablesorganicsolarcellswithefficiencyover18.8%andfillfactorexceeding80%.Adv. Mater.2021,33,2105301..

Bi,P.;Zhang,S.;Chen,Z.;Xu,Y.;Cui,Y.;Zhang,T.;Ren,J.;Qin,J.;Hong,L.;Hao,X.;Hou,J.Reducednon-radiativechargerecombinationenablesorganicphotovoltaiccellapproaching19%efficiency.Joule2021,5,2408−2419..

Chen,Z.;Song,W.;Yu,K.;Ge,J.;Zhang,J.;Xie,L.;Peng,R.;Ge,Z.Small-moleculardonorguestachievesrigid18.5%andflexible15.9%efficiencyorganicphotovoltaicviafine-tuningmicrostructuremorphology.Joule2021,5,2395−2407..

Yang,C.;An,Q.;Bai,H.R.;Zhi,H.F.;Ryu,H.S.;Mahmood,A.;Zhao,X.;Zhang,S.;Woo,H.Y.;Wang,J.L.Asynergisticstrategyofmanipulatingthenumberofselenopheneunitsanddissymmetriccentralcoreofsmallmolecularacceptorsenablespolymersolarcellswith17.5%efficiency.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2021,60,19241−19252..

Zhang,M.;Zhu,L.;Zhou,G.;Hao,T.;Qiu,C.;Zhao,Z.;Hu,Q.;Larson,B.W.;Zhu,H.;Ma,Z.;Tang,Z.;Feng,W.;Zhang,Y.;Russell,T.P.;Liu,F.Single-layeredorganicphotovoltaicswithdoublecascadingchargetransportpathways:18%efficiencies.Nat. Commun.2021,12,1−10..

Li,C.;Zhou,J.;Song,J.;Xu,J.;Zhang,H.;Zhang,X.;Guo,J.;Zhu,L.;Wei,D.;Han,G.;Min,J.;Zhang,Y.;Xie,Z.;Yi,Y.;Yan,H.;Gao,F.;Liu,F.;Sun,Y.Non-fullereneacceptorswithbranchedsidechainsandimprovedmolecularpackingtoexceed18%efficiencyinorganicsolarcells.Nat. Energy2021,6,605−613..

Jiang,K.;Wei,Q.;Lai,J.Y.L.;Peng,Z.;Kim,H.K.;Yuan,J.;Ye,L.;Ade,H.;Zou,Y.;Yan,H.Alkylchaintuningofsmallmoleculeacceptorsforefficientorganicsolarcells.Joule2019,3,3020−3033..

Zheng,Q.;Jung,B.J.;Sun,J.;Katz,H.E.Ladder-typeoligo-p-phenylene-containingcopolymerswithhighopen-circuitvoltagesandambientphotovoltaicactivity.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2010,132,5394−5404..

Liang,Y.;Xu,Z.;Xia,J.;Tsai,S.-T.;Wu,Y.;Li,G.;Ray,C.;Yu,L.Forthebrightfuture—bulkheterojunctionpolymersolarcellswithpowerconversionefficiencyof7.4%.Adv. Mater.2010,22,E135−E138..

Zhao,W.C.;Qian,D.P.;Zhang,S.Q.;Li,S.S.;Inganas,O.;Gao,F.;Hou,J.H.Fullerene-freepolymersolarcellswithover11%efficiencyandexcellentthermalstability.Adv. Mater.2016,28,4734−4739..

Zhang,S.Q.;Qin,Y.P.;Zhu,J.;Hou,J.H.Over14%efficiencyinpolymersolarcellsenabledbyachlorinatedpolymerdonor.Adv. Mater.2018,30,1800868..

Bin,H.J.;Gao,L.;Zhang,Z.G.;Yang,Y.K.;Zhang,Y.D.;Zhang,C.F.;Chen,S.S.;Xue,L.W.;Yang,C.;Xiao,M.;Li,Y.F.11.4%Efficiencynon-fullerenepolymersolarcellswithtrialkylsilylsubstituted2D-conjugatedpolymerasdonor.Nat. Commun.2016,7,1−11..

Bin,H.;Zhang,Z.G.;Gao,L.;Chen,S.;Zhong,L.;Xue,L.;Yang,C.;Li,Y.Non-fullerenepolymersolarcellsbasedonalkylthioandfluorinesubstituted2D-conjugatedpolymersreach9.5%efficiency.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2016,138,4657−6464..

Sun,C.;Pan,F.;Chen,S.;Wang,R.;Sun,R.;Shang,Z.;Qiu,B.;Min,J.;Lv,M.;Meng,L.;Zhang,C.;Xiao,M.;Yang,C.;Li,Y.Achievingfastchargeseparationandlownonradiativerecombinationlossbyrationalfluorinationforhigh-efficiencypolymersolarcells.Adv. Mater.2019,31,e1905480..

Zhang,Z.G.;Bai,Y.;Li,Y.Benzotriazolebased2D-conjugatedpolymerdonorsforhighperformancepolymersolarcells.Chinese J. Polym. Sci.2021,39,1−13..

Xu,S.;Wang,W.;Liu,H.;Yu,X.;Qin,F.;Luo,H.;Zhou,Y.;Li,Z.Anewdiazabenzo[k]fluoranthene-basedD-Aconjugatedpolymerdonorforefficientorganicsolarcells.Macromol. Rapid Commun.2022,e2200276..

Fan,H.;Yang,H.;Zou,Y.;Dong,Y.;Fan,D.;Zheng,Y.;Wu,Y.;Cui,C.;Li,Y.Conjugatedside-chainsengineeringofpolymerdonorenablingimprovedefficiencyforpolymersolarcells.J. Mater. Chem. A2020,8,15919−15926..

Liu,Q.;Jiang,Y.;Jin,K.;Qin,J.;Xu,J.;Li,W.;Xiong,J.;Liu,J.;Xiao,Z.;Sun,K.;Yang,S.;Zhang,X.;Ding,L.18%Efficiencyorganicsolarcells.Sci. Bull.2020,65,272−275..

Fan,Q.P.;Zhu,Q.L.;Xu,Z.;Su,W.Y.;Chen,J.;Wu,J.N.;Guo,X.;Ma,W.;Zhang,M.J.;Li,Y.F.Chlorinesubstituted2D-conjugatedpolymerforhigh-performancepolymersolarcellswith13.1%efficiencyviatolueneprocessing.Nano Energy2018,48,413−420..

Kivala,M.;Diederich,F.Acetylene-derivedstrongorganicacceptorsforplanarandnonplanarpush-pullchromophores.Acc. Chem. Res.2009,42,235−248..

Zhu,C.;Meng,L.;Zhang,J.;Qin,S.;Lai,W.;Qiu,B.;Yuan,J.;Wan,Y.;Huang,W.;Li,Y.Aquinoxaline-basedD-Acopolymerdonorachieving17.62%efficiencyoforganicsolarcells.Adv. Mater.2021,33,2100474..

Yuan,J.;Ouyang,J.;Cimrová,V.;Leclerc,M.;Najari,A.;Zou,Y.Developmentofquinoxalinebasedpolymersforphotovoltaicapplications.J. Mater. Chem. C2017,5,1858−1879..

Wang,X.;Chen,H.;Yuan,J.;Wei,Q.;Li,J.;Jiang,L.;Huang,J.;Li,Y.;Li,Y.;Zou,Y.Precisefluorinationofpolymericdonorstowardsefficientnon-fullereneorganicsolarcellswithbalancedopencircuitvoltage,shortcircuitcurrentandfillfactor.J. Mater. Chem. A2021,9,14752−14757..

Zhao,Y.;Zhou,L.;Wu,X.;Wang,X.;Li,Y.;Qi,Y.;Jiang,L.;Chen,G.;Zou,Y.Ternaryorganicsolarcells:improvedopticalandmorphologicalpropertiesallowanenhancedefficiency.Chinese Chem. Lett.2021,32,1359−1362..

Busireddy,M.R.;Chen,T.W.;Huang,S.C.;Nie,H.;Su,Y.J.;Chuang,C.T.;Kuo,P.J.;Chen,J.T.;Hsu,C.S.Finetuningalkylsubstituentsondithienoquinoxaline-basedwide-bandgappolymerdonorsfororganicphotovoltaics.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces2022,14,22353−22362..

Lee,S.W.;Shin,H.J.;Park,B.;Shome,S.;Whang,D.R.;Bae,H.;Chung,S.;Cho,K.;Ko,S.J.;Choi,H.;Chang,D.W.Effectofelectron-withdrawingchlorinesubstituentonmorphologicalandphotovoltaicpropertiesofallchlorinatedD-A-typequinoxaline-basedpolymers.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces2022,14,19785−19794..

Chen,S.;Feng,L.;Jia,T.;Jing,J.;Hu,Z.;Zhang,K.;Huang,F.High-performancepolymersolarcellswithefficiencyover18%enabledbyasymmetricsidechainengineeringofnon-fullereneacceptors.Sci. China Chem.2021,64,1192−1199..

Li,D.;Sun,C.;Yan,T.;Yuan,J.;Zou,Y.Asymmetricnon-fullerenesmall-moleculeacceptorstowardhigh-performanceorganicsolarcells.ACS Cent. Sci.2021,7,1787−1797..

Yuan,J.;Liu,Y.;Zhu,C.;Shen,P.;Wan,M.;Feng,L.;Zou,Y.Asymmetricquinoxaline-basedpolymerforhighefficiencynon-fullerenesolarcells.Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica2018,34,1272−1278..

Yao,H.;Cui,Y.;Yu,R.;Gao,B.;Zhang,H.;Hou,J.Design,synthesis,andphotovoltaiccharacterizationofasmallmolecularacceptorwithanultra-narrowbandgap.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2017,56,3045−3049..

Kawashima,K.;Fukuhara,T.;Suda,Y.;Suzuki,Y.;Koganezawa,T.;Yoshida,H.;Ohkita,H.;Osaka,I.;Takimiya,K.Implicationoffluorineatomonelectronicproperties,orderingstructures,andphotovoltaicperformanceinnaphthobisthiadiazole-basedsemiconductingpolymers.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2016,138,10265−10275..

Zhang,M.;Guo,X.;Zhang,S.;Hou,J.Synergisticeffectoffluorinationonmolecularenergylevelmodulationinhighlyefficientphotovoltaicpolymers.Adv. Mater.2014,26,1118−1123..

Reichenbächer,K.;Süss,H.I.;Hulliger,J.Fluorineincrystalengineering—“thelittleatomthatcould”.Chem. Soc. Rev.2005,34,22−30..

Lu,L.;Yu,L.UnderstandinglowbandgappolymerPTB7andoptimizingpolymersolarcellsbasedonit.Adv. Mater.2014,26,4413−4430..

Liu,Y.;Liu,J.;Chen,D.;Wang,X.;Liu,Z.;Liu,H.;Jiang,L.;Wu,C.;Zou,Y.Quinoxaline-basedsemiconductingpolymerdotsforin vivoNIR-IIfluorescenceimaging.Macromolecules2019,52,5735−5740..

Xu,S.;Feng,L.;Yuan,J.;Zhang,Z.G.;Li,Y.;Peng,H.;Zou,Y.Hexafluoroquinoxalinebasedpolymerfornonfullerenesolarcellsreaching9.4%efficiency.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces2017,9,18816−18825..

Liu,Y.;Liu,J.;Chen,D.;Wang,X.;Zhang,Z.;Yang,Y.;Jiang,L.;Qi,W.;Ye,Z.;He,S.;Liu,Q.;Xi,L.;Zou,Y.;Wu,C.FluorinationenhancesNIR-IIfluorescenceofpolymerdotsforquantitativebraintumorimaging.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2020,59,21049−21057..

Cui,W.;Zhao,Y.;Tian,H.;Xie,Z.;Geng,Y.;Wang,F.Synthesisandcharacterizationsofpoly(9,10-bisarylethynyl-2,6-anthrylene)sandpoly(9,10-bisalkynyl-2,6-anthrylene).Macromolecules2009,42,8021−8027..

Huo,L.;Zhang,S.;Guo,X.;Xu,F.;Li,Y.;Hou,J.Replacingalkoxygroupswithalkylthienylgroups:afeasibleapproachtoimprovethepropertiesofphotovoltaicpolymers.Angew Chem. Int. Ed.2011,50,9697−9702..

Nielsen,C.B.;Holliday,S.;Chen,H.Y.;Cryer,S.J.;McCulloch,I.Non-fullereneelectronacceptorsforuseinorganicsolarcells.Acc. Chem. Res.2015,48,2803−2812..

Frisch,M.J.;Trucks,G.W.;Schlegel,H.B.;Scuseria,G.E.;Robb,M.A.;Cheeseman,J.R.;Scalmani,G.;Barone,V.;Petersson,G.A.;Nakatsuji,H.;Li,X.;Caricato,M.;Marenich,A.V.;Bloino,J.;Janesko,B.G.;Gomperts,R.;Mennucci,B.;Hratchian,H.P.;Ortiz,J.V.;Izmaylov,A.F.;Sonnenberg,J.L.;Williams;Ding,F.;Lipparini,F.;Egidi,F.;Goings,J.;Peng,B.;Petrone,A.;Henderson,T.;Ranasinghe,D.;Zakrzewski,V.G.;Gao,J.;Rega,N.;Zheng,G.;Liang,W.;Hada,M.;Ehara,M.;Toyota,K.;Fukuda,R.;Hasegawa,J.;Ishida,M.;Nakajima,T.;Honda,Y.;Kitao,O.;Nakai,H.;Vreven,T.;Throssell,K.;MontgomeryJr.J.A.;Peralta,J.E.;Ogliaro,F.;Bearpark,M.J.;Heyd,J.J.;Brothers,E.N.;Kudin,K.N.;Staroverov,V.N.;Keith,T.A.;Kobayashi,R.;Normand,J.;Raghavachari,K.;Rendell,A.P.;Burant,J.C.;Iyengar,S.S.;Tomasi,J.;Cossi,M.;Millam,J.M.;Klene,M.;Adamo,C.;Cammi,R.;Ochterski,J.W.;Martin,R.L.;Morokuma,K.;Farkas,O.;Foresman,J.B.;Fox,D.J.Gaussian16Rev.C.01,Wallingford,CT,2016.

Mihailetchi,V.D.;Wildeman,J.;Blom,P.W.M.Space-chargelimitedphotocurrent.Phys. Rev. Lett.2005,94,126602..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Fluorine Substitution Effect on the Material Properties in Transparent Aromatic Polyimides

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology

⁰