Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO<sub>2</sub> Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates

Nayan Sur; Arup Kumar Debnath; Md. Abdul Hasib; Tanmoy Chakroborty

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3

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Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-04-07

- Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates
  Enhanced Publication
- Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷页码：1-14
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna - 9203, Bangladesh
  b.Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder CO 80309, USA
- Author bio：
  
  akdebnath@me.kuet.ac.bd
- Funds：
  
  This work was financially supported by Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.;The authors declare no interest conflict.The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-12-24，
  
  录用：2026-03-29，
  
  网络首发：2026-05-15，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04
- Accepted：
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Sur, N.; Debnath, A. K.; Hasib, M. A.; Chakroborty, T. Experimental investigation of graphene and TiO₂ reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol)-based fiber metal laminates. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3

Nayan Sur, Arup Kumar Debnath, Md. Abdul Hasib, et al. Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-14. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3.
Sur, N.; Debnath, A. K.; Hasib, M. A.; Chakroborty, T. Experimental investigation of graphene and TiO₂ reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol)-based fiber metal laminates. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3 DOI：

Nayan Sur, Arup Kumar Debnath, Md. Abdul Hasib, et al. Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-14. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical performance of hybrid fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) fabricated using a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix reinforced with woven glass and carbon fibers

further enhanced with titanium dioxide (TiO

) and graphene fillers. The composites were fabricated using the vacuum bag molding process

and to optimize the mechanical behavior

different filler loadings were incorporated as graphene at (0.5 wt%

1 wt%

and 3 wt%)

and TiO

(0.5 wt%

1 wt%

2 wt%

and 3 wt%). Mechanical tests revealed that the inclusion of filler particles significantly enhanced tensile

flexural

and toughness properties. The optimal graphene loading was found to be 0.5 wt%

resulting in an 83.4% increase in Young’s modulus and a 127% improvement in tensile strength compared to PVA composites without filler. Optimal loading for TiO

was 2% by weight

which resulted in a 102.3% increase in Young's modulus and an 81.5% increase in ultimate tensile strength. The maximum flexural properties were achieved for 0.5 wt% graphene-loaded composites

with a flexural strength of 56.6 MPa and a flexural modulus of 19.3 GPa

while the highest toughness value of 4.2 MPa was also observed at this loading. Density analysis showed a slight increase in composite density with filler ad

dition and minimum porosity at 0.5 wt% graphene and 2 wt% TiO

consistent with improved mechanical performance. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed successful filler incorporation

enhanced crystallinity for TiO

-filled composites

and the SEM analysis confirmed the strong interfacial interactions without altering the PVA matrix chemistry

while higher filler loadings led to property degradation due to particle agglomeration and stress concentration effects.

关键词

Keywords

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Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO2 Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates

Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO2 Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates

DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3689-3

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates

Experimental Investigation of Graphene and TiO₂ Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Fiber Metal Laminates