Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells

Miao-Han Ban; Jin-Lun Wu; Yi-Meng Han; An-Ping Yang; Qi Ding; Fei Xu

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1

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Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells

REVIEW | Updated：2026-04-30

- Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells
- Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷第5期页码：1287-1306
- Affiliations：
  
  a.State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Shaanxi Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xi’an 710072, China
  b.The Northwest Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710061, China
  c.Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Author bio：
  
  jinlunwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (J.L.W.)
  DQ13720446888@126.com (Q.D.)
  feixu@nwpu.edu.cn (F.X.)
- Funds：
  
  This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52473220 and 52503276), the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (No. 2025CY-YBXM-444), the Science and Technology Project of Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd. (No. YCSY2026-YYJC-B-28), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the “Young Talent Support Plan” of Xi’an Jiaotong university.;Jin-Lun Wu received his Ph.D. degree from Sun Yat-sen University in 2021. He did postdoctoral research at the Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital with Prof. Dingcai Wu (2021–2024). He joined the School of Chemistry in 2025 as an associate professor and was selected as the “Young Talent Support Plan” of Xi’an Jiaotong university (2024). His current research focus on preparation and applications of novel functional materials, especially polymer brushes and polymer gels.Qi Ding received his Master’s degree from Northwest University in 2013. Currently he is a senior engineer, serving as Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and and General Manager of Northwest Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd. He won the First Prize for Technological Progress of Shaanxi Chemical Industry Society (2006) and the Second Prize for Technological Achievements of Yanchang Petroleum Group (2007).Fei Xu received his PhD degree from Sun Yat-sen University in 2015. He worked at the Institute for Molecular Science, Japan (2012–2014), and then the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (2018–2020), as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow. Currently, he is a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. His research interests include the design, synthesis, and functional exploration of molecularly designed porous polymer/carbon architectures and their composites for challenging energy-related issues.The authors declare no interest conflict.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-12-24，
  
  录用：2026-03-01，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-16，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-05
- Accepted：
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Ban, M. H.; Wu, J. L.; Han, Y. M.; Yang, A. P.; Ding, Q.; Xu, F. Covalent organic frameworks modified composite proton exchange membranes towards advanced fuel cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1287–1306

Miao-Han Ban, Jin-Lun Wu, Yi-Meng Han, et al. Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1287-1306.
Ban, M. H.; Wu, J. L.; Han, Y. M.; Yang, A. P.; Ding, Q.; Xu, F. Covalent organic frameworks modified composite proton exchange membranes towards advanced fuel cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1287–1306 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1.

Miao-Han Ban, Jin-Lun Wu, Yi-Meng Han, et al. Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1287-1306. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1.

摘要

This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of covalent organic framework (COF)-modified proton exchange membrane (PEM) based on Nafion

PEEK

and PBI for low-humidity and high-temperature applications

and clarifies COF-enhanced proton conduction mechanisms

via

water retention and adjustable proton channels.

Abstract

The urgent global demand for clean energy has positioned proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as a pivotal technology owing to their high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Their performance critically relies on the proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Recently

integrating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into conventional proton-conducting polymers has gained increasing

as this strategy is expected to combine the structural advantages of COFs with polymer flexibility to develop advanced PEMs. This review briefly outlines the current types of PEMs and the COF design for proton conducting. Then the fabrication strategies and evaluation methods are introduced. The design of COF-modified Nafion and sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) for low-humidity proton conduction

as well as COF-modified polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high-temperature proton conduction were summarized

with particular emphasis on COFs forming continuous “proton highways” within polymer matrices for enhanced conduction while leveraging molecular sieving to suppress fuel crossover and thus improve cell efficiency and safety. Finally

critical challenges and outlook of COF-modified PEMs are discussed

such as interfacial compatibility

COF agglomeration

and the long-term stability and scalability under harsh conditions

which severely hinder the practical applications. Potential solutions are proposed

including

in situ

growth

hierarchical pore design

and gradient doping

to improve interfacial compatibility while maintaining excellent mechanical properties

as well as the development of intelligent and multifunctional PEMs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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