Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp<sup>2</sup>-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks

Meng-Yao Chen; Guang-En Fu; Wen-Kai Zhao; Tao Zhang

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0

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Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks

REVIEW | Updated：2026-04-30

- Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks
- Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷第5期页码：1264-1286
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo 315201, China
  b.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  c.Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Author bio：
  
  tzhang@nimte.ac.cn
- Funds：
  
  This work was financially supported by the Ningbo “3315 Innovation Programme” (No. 2019-17-C), the National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (No. 52322316), the Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation of the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2025YFE0151500), the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LRG25E030001), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2024M753340), and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LQN25B040004), and the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (No. 2024J115).;Tao Zhang received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Sichuan University in 2008, and his Ph.D. degree from Dresden University of Technology in 2015. Currently, he is a researcher at the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the head of the research group of interface functional polymer materials. His main research interests include 2D conjugated/porous polymers, polymer films and coatings, photocatalysis energy conversion, and organic semiconductor devices.The authors declare no interest conflict.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-11-25，
  
  录用：2025-12-27，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-03，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-05
- Accepted：
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Chen, M. Y.; Fu, G. E.; Zhao, W. K.; Zhang, T. Design, synthesis, and photocatalytic applications of sp²-carbon-conjugated organic frameworks. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1264–1286 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0.

Meng-Yao Chen, Guang-En Fu, Wen-Kai Zhao, et al. Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1264-1286. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0.
Chen, M. Y.; Fu, G. E.; Zhao, W. K.; Zhang, T. Design, synthesis, and photocatalytic applications of sp²-carbon-conjugated organic frameworks. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1264–1286 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0. DOI：

Meng-Yao Chen, Guang-En Fu, Wen-Kai Zhao, et al. Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1264-1286. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0. DOI：

摘要

This work reviews recent advances in sp

-carbon-conjugated organic frameworks with ethylene-bonded linkers for photocatalysis

outlines the design principles and synthesis methods of sp

c-COFs and systematically summarizes various strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance

and finally discusses challenges and future prospects for sp

c-COFs in practical photocatalytic applications.

Abstract

-Carbon-conjugated organic frameworks (sp

c-COFs) are a class of porous crystalline polymers constructed through the ordered linkage of building blocks

via

vinylene bonds. Because of their high specific surface area

extended planar

-conjugation

and remarkable stability

c-COFs are regarded as highly promising novel photocatalysts. This review begins by introducing the design principles and synthetic methods for sp

c-COFs. Subsequently

various strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance have been summarized

including designing donor-acceptor (D-A) structures

crafting charged frameworks

developing heterojunctions

and modifying covalent organic frameworks (COFs) pore channels. We then elaborate on the applications of sp

c-COFs in photocatalytic H

production

roduction

reduction

organic transformation reactions

and uranium extraction from seawater. Finally

the challenges and future prospects of sp

c-COFs for practical applications in photocatalysis were discussed.

关键词

Keywords

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Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp2-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks

Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp2-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks

DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3550-0

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Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks

Design, Synthesis, and Photocatalytic Applications of sp²-Carbon-Conjugated Organic Frameworks