Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Biopolymeric Nanocomposite for Biocompatible 3D Features

Feng Jin; Xian-Zi Dong; Jie Liu; Mei-Ling Zheng

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3519-z

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Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Biopolymeric Nanocomposite for Biocompatible 3D Features

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-01-30

- Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Biopolymeric Nanocomposite for Biocompatible 3D Features
- Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Biopolymeric Nanocomposite for Biocompatible 3D Features
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷第2期页码：465-473
- Affiliations：
  
  a.College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
  b.Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of bio-inspired smart interfacial science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Author bio：
  
  jinfeng@bipt.edu.cn (F.J.)
  zhengmeiling@mail.ipc.ac.cn (M.L.Z.)
- Funds：
  
  This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2024YFB4607402 and 2016YFC1100502) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51673208 and 61975213).;Electronic supplementary information (ESI) is available free of charge in the online version of this article at http://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-025-3519-z.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3519-z
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-10-19，
  
  录用：2025-11-28，
  
  网络首发：2026-01-23，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-05
- Accepted：
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Jin, F.; Dong, X. Z.; Liu, J.; Zheng, M. L. Femtosecond laser direct writing of biopolymeric nanocomposite for biocompatible 3D features. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 465–473

Feng Jin, Xian-Zi Dong, Jie Liu, et al. Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Biopolymeric Nanocomposite for Biocompatible 3D Features[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(2): 465-473.
Jin, F.; Dong, X. Z.; Liu, J.; Zheng, M. L. Femtosecond laser direct writing of biopolymeric nanocomposite for biocompatible 3D features. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 465–473 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3519-z.

Feng Jin, Xian-Zi Dong, Jie Liu, et al. Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Biopolymeric Nanocomposite for Biocompatible 3D Features[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(2): 465-473. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3519-z.

摘要

We demonstrate femtosecond laser direct writing of 3D microstructures with sub-50 nm resolution using a biopolymeric nanocomposite composed of egg white and sulfonated graphene. The egg-white/sulfonated graphene microstructure has been proven to be biocompatible. This strategy is a perspective for potential applications in biological and photonic fields.

Abstract

Biopolymeric nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention because of their biocompatibility

biodegradability

and unique physicochemical properties. It is essential to manufacture three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible micro/nanostructures using biopolymeric nanocomposites. Herein

we demonstrate the high-fidelity fabrication of biocompatible 3D features with sub-50 nm resolution using femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) of a biopolymeric nanocomposite composed of egg white and sulfonated graphene (S-graphene). The biopolymer nanocomposite acts as a negative photoresist suitable for water-based lithography. The introduction of S-graphene not only dramatically lowered the laser power threshold but also significantly modulated the morphology of the 3D features constructed by FsLDW. Microstructures with porous

rough

or smooth morphologies were obtained by optimizing the S-graphene concentration and laser scanning speed. The fabricated egg-white/S-graphene microstructures exhibited biocompatibility and environmental degradability. Egg white/S-graphene was also employed to fabricate diffractive gratings with superior optical quality. This study provides a promising method to manufacture biocompatible 3D features with controllable morphology

which has potential applications in biological and photonic fields.

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references

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