Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope

Prashant Shukla; Pooja Saxena

doi:10.1007/s10118-021-2553-8

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope

REVIEW | Updated：2021-03-22

- Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope
- Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年39卷第6期页码：665-691
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
  b.G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida-201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Author bio：
  
  drprashantdb1980@gmail.com
- Funds：
  
  Authors thank Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan, founder president, Amity University, for his continuous support and encouragement. Authors would also like to thank other members of the AIARS (M&D) group, Amity University, Noida for their support.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-021-2553-8
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2020-10-28，
  
  修回：2021-1-6，
  
  录用：2021-1-15，
  
  网络首发：2021-03-22，
  
  纸质出版：2021-04-15
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Shukla, P.; Saxena, P. Polymer nanocomposites in sensor applications: a review on present trends and future scope. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2021, 39, 665–691

Prashant Shukla, Pooja Saxena. Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2021, 39(6): 665-691.
Shukla, P.; Saxena, P. Polymer nanocomposites in sensor applications: a review on present trends and future scope. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2021, 39, 665–691 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-021-2553-8.

Prashant Shukla, Pooja Saxena. Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2021, 39(6): 665-691. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-021-2553-8.

摘要

Abstract

Polymers are crucial constituents of modern electronic devices. They can be used in their pristine

composite or nanocomposite forms for several domestic and industrial applications with innumerable unique possibilities. Polymer nanocomposites have gained wide theoretical interest and numerous practical applications in diverse fields of science and technology as they bestow the materials not only with virtuous processability but also with exceptional functionalities. It is evidenced that the electrical conductance of polymer nanocomposite is governed by the conductive filler networks within the polymer matrix. Hence

insignificant variation in the conductive networks can result in noteworthy variations in the output electric signal of polymer nanocomposite. Exploiting this stimuli-responsive performance of conductive networks to the physical parameters

polymer nanocomposites can be harnessed to fabricate novel sensitive sensors to detect vital physical parameters

viz

. strain/stress

pressure

temperature

solvent or vapor. Technical and phenomenological studies on polymer nanocomposites are still enduring. Advanced explanations are being sought but the mechanisms governing the formation of several polymer nanocomposites are still topics of debate in the material science community. Their in-depth investigation requires copious scientific work. This review analytically sketches the synthesis

microstructures

physiochemical properties and the underlying mechanisms for stimuli-responsiveness to the physical parameters of the polymer nanocomposites as well as their applications in various sensitive sensors and detectors. Thus

it became evocative for this review to focus on their processing methodologies

physiochemical physiognomies

classification and probable potentials of polymer nanocomposites. This review primarily presents the current literature survey on polymer composites and the gap areas in the study encourages the objective of the present review article. Finally

the status

perspectives and the advantages of specific polymer nanocomposites at present are summarized. The attention of this review is drawn to the present trends

challenges and future scope in this field of study. Finally

the vital concern and future challenge in utilizing the stimulus responsive behavior of polymer nanocomposites to design versatile sensors for real time applications are elaborately discussed.

关键词

Keywords

references

MacDiarmid, A. G. . Synthetic metals: a novel role for organic polymers (Nobel Lecture) . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2001 . 40 2581 - 2590 . DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14%3C2581::AID-ANIE2581%3E3.0.CO;2-2 http://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14%3C2581::AID-ANIE2581%3E3.0.CO;2-2 .

Ramakrishnan, S. . Conducting polymers from a laboratory curiosity to the market place . Resonance-J. Sci. Edu. , 1997 . 2 48 - 58 . DOI: 10.1007/s12045-011-0141-x http://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-011-0141-x .

Schultze, J. W.; Karabulutu, H. . Application potential of conducting polymers . Electrochim. Acta , 2005 . 50 1739 - 1745 . DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.023 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.023 .

Bakhshi, A. K.; Bhalla, G. . Electrically conducting polymers: materials of the twenty first century . J. Scientif. Indust. Res. , 2004 . 63 715 - 728 . .

Xia, Y.; Sun, K.; Ouyang, J. . Solution-processed metallic conducting polymer films as transparent electrode of optoelectronic devices . Adv. Mater. , 2012 . 24 2436 - 2440 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104795 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104795 .

Giannelis, E. P.; Krishnamoorti, R.; Manias, E. . Polymer-silicate nanocomposites: model systems for confined polymers and polymer brushes . Adv. Polym. Sci. , 1999 . 138 107 - 147 . DOI: 10.1007/3-540-69711-X_3 http://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-X_3 .

Kai, W.; Hirota, Y.; Hua, L.; Inoue, Y. . Thermal and mechanical properties of a poly( ε -caprolactone)/graphite oxide composite . J. Appl. Poly. Sci. , 2008 . 107 1395 - 1400 . DOI: 10.1002/app.27210 http://doi.org/10.1002/app.27210 .

Paul, D. R.; Robeson, L. M. . Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites . Polymer , 2008 . 49 3187 - 3204 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.017 .

Auffan, M.; Rose, J.; Bottero, J. Y.; Lowry, G. V.; Jolivet, J. P.; Wiesner, M. R. . Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective . Nat. Nanotechnol. , 2009 . 10 634 - 641 . DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.242 http://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.242 .

Xue, L.; Dai, S.; Li, Z. . Biodegradable shape-memory block co-polymers for fast self-expandable stents . Biomaterials , 2010 . 31 8132 - 8140 . DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.043 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.043 .

Kim, H.; Abdala, A. A.; Macoshko, C. W. . Graphene/polymer nanocomposites . Macromolecules , 2010 . 43 6515 - 6530 . DOI: 10.1021/ma100572e http://doi.org/10.1021/ma100572e .

Potts, J. R.; Dreyer, D. R.; Bielawski, C. W.; Ruoff, R. S. . Graphene based polymer nanocomposites . Polymer , 2011 . 52 5 - 25 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.042 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.042 .

Wu, D.; Zhang, F.; Liang, H.; Feng, X. . Nanocomposites and macroscopic materials: assembly of chemically modified graphene sheets . Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2012 . 42 6160 - 6177 . DOI: 10.1039/C2CS35179J http://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35179J .

Layek, R. K.; Nand, A. K. . A review on synthesis and properties of polymer functionalized graphene . Polymer , 2013 . 54 5087 - 5103 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.027 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.027 .

Hu, K.; Kulkarni, D. D.; Choi, I.; Tsukruk, V. V. . Graphene-polymer nanocomposites for structural and functional applications . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2014 . 39 1934 - 1972 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.001 .

Wang, M.; Duan, X.; Xu, Y.; Duan, X. . Functional three-dimensional graphene/polymer composites . ACS Nano , 2016 . 10 7231 - 7247 . DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03349 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b03349 .

Phiri, J.; Gane, P.; Maloney, T. C. . General overview of graphene: production, properties and application in polymer composites . Mat. Sci. Eng. B , 2017 . 215 9 - 28 . DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2016.10.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2016.10.004 .

Kumar, S. K.; Brian, C.; Benicewicz, R. A.; Vaja Karen, W. . 50 th Anniversary perspective: are polymer nanocomposites practical for applications? . Macromolecules , 2017 . 50 714 - 731 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02330 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02330 .

Huang, J.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W.; Tang, Q. . Parallel carbon nanotube stripes in polymer thin film with tunable microstructures and anisotropic conductive properties . Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. , 2015 . 69 240 - 246 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.023 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.023 .

Huang, J.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W.; Yin, J.; Tang, Q.; Yang, X. . Parallel carbon nanotube stripes in polymer thin film with remarkable conductive anisotropy . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2014 . 6 1754 - 1758 . DOI: 10.1021/am404758d http://doi.org/10.1021/am404758d .

Mao, C.; Huang, J.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W.; Tang, Q.; Ma, X. . Tailored parallel graphene stripes in plastic film with conductive anisotropy by shear-induced self-assembly . J. Phys. Chem. Lett. , 2013 . 4 43 - 47 . DOI: 10.1021/jz301811b http://doi.org/10.1021/jz301811b .

Bovery, F.; Winslow, F. H. Chapter 1-The nature of macromolecules. In Macromolecules-an introduction to polymer science . Bovery, F.; Winslow, F. H. (eds.), Academic Press, 1979 , 1−21.

Cervenka, A. Advantages and disadvantages of thermoset and thermoplastic matrices for continuous fibre composites. In Mechanics of composite materials and structures . Soares, C. M. M.; Freitas, M. J. M. (eds) NATO Science Series (Series E: Mathematical and Physical Sciences) 1999 , 361, 291−298.

Friedrich, K.; Haupert, F.; Hou, M.; Klinkmuller, V. Fundamental aspects in manufacturing of thermoplastic composite materials In Advanced technology for design and fabrication of composite materials and science. Springer . Sih, G. C.; Carpinteri, A.; Surace, G. (eds) Dordrecht, 1995 , 333−348

Mallick, P. Fibre reinforced composites: materials, manufacturing and design . 2 nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1993 .

Yin, Z.; Wu, S.; Zhou, X.; Huang, X.; Zhang, B.; Zhang, H. . Electrochemical deposition of ZnO nanorods on transparent reduced graphene oxide electrodes for hybrid solar cells . Small , 2010 . 6 307 - 312 . DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901968 http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200901968 .

Sankaran, S.; Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Pasha, S. K. K. . Recent advances in electromagnetic interference shielding properties of metal and carbon filler reinforced flexible polymer composites: a review . Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. , 2018 . 114 49 - 71 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.08.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.08.006 .

Chee, W. K., Lim, H. N., Huang, N. M., Harrison, I. . Nanocomposites of graphene/polymers: a review . RSC Adv. , 2015 . 5 68014 - 68051 . DOI: 10.1039/C5RA07989F http://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA07989F .

Kuilla, T.; Bhadra, S.; Yao, D.; Kim, N. H.; Bose, S. Lee, J. H. . Recent advances in graphene based polymer composites . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2010 . 35 1350 - 1375 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.005 .

Compton, O. C.; Nguyen, S. T. . Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials . Small , 2010 . 6 711 - 723 . DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901934 http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200901934 .

Huang, X.; Yin, Z.; Wu, S.; Qi, X.; Zhang, Q.; Yan, Q.; Boey, F.; Zhang, H. . Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications . Small , 2011 . 7 1876 - 1902 . DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002009 http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201002009 .

Young, R. J.; Kinloch, I. A.; Gong, L.; Novoselov, K. . The mechanics of graphene nanocomposites: a review . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2012 . 72 1459 - 1476 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.005 .

Bhattacharya, M. . Polymer nanocomposites-a comparison between carbon nanotubes, graphene, and clay as nanofillers . Materials , 2016 . 9 262 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040262 http://doi.org/10.3390/ma9040262 .

Yang, M.; Hou, Y.; Kotov, N. A. . Graphene-based multilayers: critical evaluation of materials assembly techniques . Nano Today , 2012 . 7 430 - 447 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2012.08.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2012.08.006 .

Sun, X.; Sun, H.; Li, H.; Peng, H. . Developing polymer composite materials: carbon nanotubes or graphene? . Adv. Mater. , 2013 . 25 5153 - 5176 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301926 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201301926 .

Alam, F. E.; Dai, W.; Yang, M.; Du, S.; Li, X.; Yu, J.; Jiang, N.; Lin, C. T. . In situ formation of a cellular graphene framework in thermoplastic composites leading to superior thermal conductivity . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2017 . 5 6164 - 6169 . DOI: 10.1039/C7TA00750G http://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA00750G .

Narimissa, E.; Gupta, R. K.; Bhaskaran, M.; Sriram, S. . Influence of nano-graphite platelet concentration on onset of crystalline degradation in polylactide composites . Polym. Deg. Stabil. , 2012 . 97 829 - 832 . DOI: 10.1016/J.POLYMDEGRADSTAB.2012.02.010 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.POLYMDEGRADSTAB.2012.02.010 .

Elham, A.; Masoumeh, G.; Saeed, S. . Electrochemical sensing based on carbon nanoparticles: a review . Sensor. Actuat. B , 2019 . 293 183 - 209 . DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.075 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.075 .

Cui, X.; Sun, S.; Han, B.; Yun, X.; Ouyang, J.; Zeng, S.; Ou, J. . Mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic properties of nanographite platelets modified cementitious composites . Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. , 2017 . 93 49 - 58 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.11.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.11.017 .

Kubacka, A.; Serrano, C.; Ferrer, M.; Lunsdorf, H.; Bielecki, P.; Cerrada, M. A. L.; Gracia, M. . High performance dual action polymer- TiO 2 nanocomposite film via melting processing . Nano Lett. , 2007 . 7 2529 - 2534 . DOI: 10.1021/nl0709569 http://doi.org/10.1021/nl0709569 .

Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V. . Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films . Science , 2004 . 306 666 - 669 . DOI: 10.1126/science.1102896 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896 .

Xia, J.; Chen, F.; Li, J.; Tao, N. . Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene . Nat. Nanotechnol. , 2009 . 4 505 - 509 . DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.177 http://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.177 .

Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A.; Dommett, G. H. B.; Kohlhaas, K. M.; Zimney, E. J.; Stach, E. A. . Graphene-based composite materials . Nature , 2006 . 442 282 - 286 . DOI: 10.1038/nature04969 http://doi.org/10.1038/nature04969 .

Ajayan, P. M. . Nanotubes from carbon . Chem. Rev. , 1999 . 99 1787 - 1799 . DOI: 10.1021/cr970102g http://doi.org/10.1021/cr970102g .

Huang, J.; Mao, C.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W.; Yang, X. . Control of carbon nanotubes at the interface of a co-continuous immiscible polymer blend to fabricate conductive composites with ultralow percolation thresholds . Carbon , 2014 . 73 267 - 274 . DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.063 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.063 .

Chen, J.; Cui, X.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W.; Sui, K. . Design of superior conductive polymer composite with precisely controlling carbon nanotubes at the interface of a co-continuous polymer blend via a balance of π - π interactions and dipole-dipole interactions . Carbon , 2017 . 114 441 - 448 . DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.12.048 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.12.048 .

Cui, X.; Chen, J.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W. . Natural sunlight-actuated shape memory materials with reversible shape change and self-healing abilities based on carbon nanotubes filled conductive polymer composites . Chem. Eng. J. , 2020 . 382 122823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122823 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122823 .

Hishiyama, Y.; Kaburagi, Y.; Inagaki, M. Chemistry and physics of carbon . Marcel Dekker Inc. 1991 , 23, 2−68.

Fim, F.; Guterres, J. M.; Basso, N. R. S.; Galland, G. B. . Polyethylene/graphite nanocomposites obtained by in situ polymerization . J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. , 2010 . 48 692 DOI: 10.1002/pola.23822 http://doi.org/10.1002/pola.23822 .

Cho, D.; Lee, S.; Yang, G.; Fukushima, H.; Drzal, L. T. . Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of phenylethynyl terminated polyimide composites reinforced with expanded graphite nanoplatelets . Macromol. Mater. Eng. , 2005 . 290 - 179 . DOI: 10.1002/mame.200400281 http://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200400281 .

Sumin, K.; Drzal, L. T. . Comparison of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) and CNTs for Reinforcement of EVA nanocomposites fabricated by solution compounding method and three screw rotating systems . J. Adh. Sci. Technol. , 2009 . 23 1623 - 1638 . DOI: 10.1163/156856109X440984 http://doi.org/10.1163/156856109X440984 .

Ramanathan, T.; Abdala, A.; Stankovich, S. . Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites . Nat. Nanotechnol. , 2008 . 3 327 - 331 . DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.96 http://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.96 .

Xu, D.; Sridhar, V.; Pham, T. T.; Kim, J. K. . Dispersion, mechanical and thermal properties of nano graphite platelets reinforced flouro-elastomer composites . e-Polymers , 2008 . 8 23 DOI: 10.1515/epoly.2008.8.1.237 http://doi.org/10.1515/epoly.2008.8.1.237 .

Chen, J. ; Cui, X.; Sui, K.; Zhu. Y.; Jiang, W. . Balance the electrical properties and mechanical properties of carbon black filled immiscible polymer blends with a double percolation structure . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2017 . 140 99 - 105 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.029 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.029 .

Tjong, S. C.; Mai, Y. W. Physical properties and applications of polymer nanocomposites . 1 st Edition Woodhead Publishing, United Kingdom, 2010 .

Alateyah, A. L.; Dhakal, H. N.; Zhang, Z. Y. . Processing, properties, and applications of polymer nanocomposites based on layer silicates: a review . Adv. Polym. Technol. , 2013 . 32 21368 - 21403 . DOI: 10.1002/adv.21368 http://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21368 .

Sahu, D.; Sarkar, N.; Mohapatra, P.; Swain, S. K. . Nano gold hybrid polyvinyl alcohol films for sensing of Cu 2+ ions . Chem. Select , 2019 . 4 9784 - 9793 . DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902167 http://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201902167 .

Sahu, D.; Sarkar, N.; Sahoo, G.; Mohapatra, P.; Sarat, S. K. . Nano silver imprinted polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite thin films for Hg 2+ sensor . Sensor. Actuat. B: Chem. , 2017 . 246 96 - 107 . DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.038 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.038 .

Rueda, M. M.; Auscher, M.; Fulchiron, R.; Perie, T.; Martin, G.; Sonntag, P.; Cassagnau, P. . Rheology and applications of highly filled polymers. A review of current understanding . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2017 . 66 22 - 53 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.12.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.12.007 .

Sun, H.; Chiu, Y.; Chen, W. . Renewable polymeric materials for electronic applications . Polym. J. , 2017 . 49 61 - 73 . DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.95 http://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2016.95 .

Das, T. K.; Prusty, S. . Graphene-based polymer composites and their applications . Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. , 2013 . 52 319 - 333 . DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2012.751410 http://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.751410 .

Hulanick, A.; Glab, S.; Ingman, F. . Chemical sensors definitions and classifications . Pure Appl. Chem. , 1991 . 63 1247 - 1250 . DOI: 10.1351/pac199163091247 http://doi.org/10.1351/pac199163091247 .

Aswal, D. K.; Gupta, S. K. Science and technology of chemiresistive gas sensor , Nova Science Publishers, New York. 2007 , 33−94.

Ramgir, N.; Datta, N.; Kaur, M.; Kailasaganapathi, S.; Debnath, A. K.; Aswal, D. K.; Gupta, S. K. . Metal oxide nanowires for chemiresistive gas sensors: issues, challenges and prospects . Colloids Surf. A: Physiochem. Eng. Asp. , 2013 . 439 101 - 116 . DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.029 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.029 .

Tran, H. D.; Li, D.; Kaner, R. B. . 1D conducting polymer nanostructures: one dimensional conducting polymer nanostructures: bulk synthesis and applications . Adv. Mater. , 2009 . 21 1487 - 1499 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802289 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802289 .

Wang, T.; Huang, D.; Yang, Z. . A review on graphene-based gas/vapor sensors with unique properties and potential applications . Nano-Micro Lett. , 2016 . 8 95 - 119 . DOI: 10.1007/s40820-015-0073-1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-015-0073-1 .

Yoon, H.; Xie, J.; Abraham, J. K.; Varadan, V. K.; Ruffin, P. B. . An adaptive inverse method of control for a piezoelectric actuator . Smart Mater. Struct. , 2006 . 15 14 - 20 . DOI: 10.1088/0964-1726/15/1/004 http://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/1/004 .

Grozdanov, A.; Tomova, A.; Dimitrov, A.; Polymer nanocomposite films as a potential Sensor. In Advanced sensors for safety and security. NATO science for peace and security series B: physics and biophysics . Vaseashta A.; Khudaverdyan S. (eds) 2013, 151-162. http://doi-org-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn/10.1007/978-94-007-7003-4_12 http://doi-org-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn/10.1007/978-94-007-7003-4_12

An, K. H.; Jeong, S. Y.; Hwang, H. R.; Lee, Y. H. . Enhanced sensitivity of a gas sensor incorporating single walled carbon nanotube-polypyrrole nanocomposites . Adv. Mater. , 2004 . 16 1005 - 1009 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.200306176 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200306176 .

Al-Mashat, L. L.; Shin, K.; Kalantar-Zadeh, K.; Plessis, J. D.; Han, S. H.; Kojima, R. W.; Kaner, R. B.; Li, D.; Gou, X. L.; Ippolito, S. J.; Wlodarski, W. . Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite for hydrogen sensing . Phys. Chem. C , 2010 . 114 16168 - 16173 . DOI: 10.1021/jp103134u http://doi.org/10.1021/jp103134u .

Yu, X.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, P.; Su, Z. . Fabrication technologies and sensing applications of graphene-based composite films: advances and challenges . Biosens. Bioelectron. , 2017 . 89 72 - 84 . DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.081 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.081 .

Chen, J.; Li, H.; Yu, Q.; Hu, Y.; Cui, X.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W. . Strain sensing behaviors of stretchable conductive polymer composites loaded with different dimensional conductive fillers . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2018 . 168 388 - 396 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.10.025 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.10.025 .

Chen, J.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, W. . A stretchable and transparent strain sensor based on sandwich-like PDMS/CNTs/PDMS composite containing an ultrathin conductive CNT layer . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2020 . 186 107938 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107938 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107938 .

Omar, N. A. S.; Fen, Y. W.; Saleviter, S.; Kamil, Y. M.; Mohd, W.; Mustaqim, E.; Daniyal, M.; Abdullah, J.; Mahdi, M. A. . Experimental evaluation on surface plasmon resonance sensor performance based on sensitive hyperbranched polymer nanocomposite thin films . Sensor. Actuat. A: Phys. , 2020 . 303 111830 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2020.111830 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.111830 .

Thompson, C. M.; Smith, J. G.; Connell, J. W. . Polyimides prepared from 4,4’-(2-diphenylphosphinyl-1,4-phenylenedioxy) diphthalic anhydride for potential space applications . High Perform. Polym. , 2003 . 15 181 - 195 . DOI: 10.1177%2F0954008303015002003 http://doi.org/10.1177%2F0954008303015002003 .

Samwel, S. W. . Low earth orbital atomic oxygen erosion effect on space craft material . Space Res. J. , 2014 . 7 1 - 13 . DOI: 10.3923/SRJ.2014.1.13 http://doi.org/10.3923/SRJ.2014.1.13 .

Buczala, D. M.; Brunsvold, A. L.; Minton, T. K. . Erosion of Kapton H ® by hyperthermal atomic oxygen . J. Spacecrafts Rockets , 2006 . 43 421 - 425 . DOI: 10.2514/1.16402 http://doi.org/10.2514/1.16402 .

Wanasinghe, D.; Aslani, F.; Ma, G.; Habibi, D. . Review of polymer composites with diverse nanofillers for electromagnetic interference shielding . Nanomater. , 2020 . 10 541 - 586 . DOI: 10.3390/nano10030541 http://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030541 .

Carpi, F.; Rossi, D. . Colours from electroactive polymers: electrochromic, electroluminescent and laser devices based on organic materials . Optics and Laser Technol , 2006 . 38 292 - 305 . DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2005.06.019 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2005.06.019 .

Plesu, N.; Ilia, G.; Pascariu, A.; Vlase, G. . Preparation, degradation of polyaniline doped with organic phosphorus acids and corrosion essays of polyaniline-acrylic blends . Synth. Metals , 2006 . 156 230 - 238 . DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.11.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.11.006 .

Snook, G. A.; Kao, P.; Best, A. S. . Conducting-polymer-based super capacitor devices and electrodes . J. Power Sources , 2011 . 196 1 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084 .

Rong, A. M.; Zhang, M.; Ruan, W. . Surface modification of nanoscale fillers for improving properties of polymer nanocomposites: a review . Mater. Sci. Technol. , 2006 . 22 787 - 796 . DOI: 10.1179/174328406X101247 http://doi.org/10.1179/174328406X101247 .

Sree, U. B.; Yamamoto, Y.; Deore, B.; Shugi, H.; Nagaoka, T. . Characterization of polypyrrole nanofilms for membrane based sensors . Synth. Met. , 2002 . 131 161 - 165 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00179-0 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00179-0 .

Wang, J.; Bunimovich, Y. L.; Sui, G.; Savvas, S.; Wang, J.; Guo, Y. . Electrochemical fabrication of conducting polymer nanowires in an integrated micro fluidic system . Chem. Commun. , 2006 . 3075 - 3077 . DOI: 10.1039/B604426C http://doi.org/10.1039/B604426C .

Ma, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, G.; He, H. . Polyaniline nanowires on Si surfaces fabricated with DNA templates . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2004 . 126 7097 - 7101 . DOI: 10.1021/ja039621t http://doi.org/10.1021/ja039621t .

Alexandre, M.; Dubois, P. . Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials . Mater. Sci. Eng. , 2008 . R 28 1 - 63 . DOI: 10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7 .

Ray, S. S.; Okamoto, M. . Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2003 . 28 1539 - 1641 . DOI: 10.3390/ma2030992 http://doi.org/10.3390/ma2030992 .

Buryachenko, V. A.; Roy, A.; Lafdi, K.; Anderson, K. L.; Chellapilla, S. . Multi-scale mechanics of nanocomposites including interface: experimental and numerical investigation . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2005 . 65 2435 - 2465 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.08.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.08.005 .

Xie, X. L.; Mai, Y. W.; Zhou, X. P. . Dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix: a review . Mater. Sci. Eng. , 2005 . R 49 89 - 112 . DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.002 .

Luo, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Fang, X.; Ren, J.; Weng, W.; Jiang, Y.; Sun, H.; Wang, B.; Cheng, X. and Peng, H. . Aligned carbon nanotube/molybdenum disulfide hybrids for effective fibrous supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2015 . 3 17553 - 17557 . DOI: 10.1039/C5TA04457J http://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA04457J .

Feynman, R. P.; There's plenty of room at the bottom[1959]. J. Microelectromechanical Systems 1992, 1, 60-66. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechES:23.5.1960Bottom https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechES:23.5.1960Bottom .

David, A. J.; John, F. W. . The Interface and Interphase in polymer matrix composites: effect on mechanical properties and methods for identification . Polym. Rev. , 2012 . 52 321 - 354 . DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2012.710288 http://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2012.710288 .

Li, S.; Qin, J.; Fornara, A.; Toprak, M.; Muhammed, M.; Kim, D. K. . Synthesis and magnetic properties of bulk transparent PMMA/Fe-oxide nanocomposites . Nanotechnology , 2009 . 20 185607 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185607 http://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185607 .

Wu, Y.; Jia, P.; Xu, L.; Chen, Z.; Xiao, L.; Sun, J.; Zhang, J.; Huang, Y.; Bielawski, C. W.; Geng, J. . Tuning the surface properties of graphene oxide by surface-initiated polymerization of epoxides: an efficient method for enhancing gas separation . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2017 . 9 4998 - 5005 . DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14895 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b14895 .

Chen, X.; Huang, H.; Shu, X.; Liu, S.; Zhao, J. . Preparation and properties of a novel graphene fluoroxide/polyimide nanocomposite film with a low dielectric constant . RSC Adv. , 2017 . 7 1956 - 1965 . DOI: 10.1039/C6RA25343A http://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA25343A .

Sharma, M.; Gao, S.; Mader, E.; Sharma, H.; Wei, L. Y.; Bijwe, J. . Carbon fiber surfaces and composite interphases . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2014 . 102 35 - 50 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.07.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.07.005 .

Karger-Kocsis, J.; Mahmood, H.; Pegoretti, A. . Recent advances in fiber/matrix interphase engineering for polymer composites . Prog. Mat. Sci. , 2015 . 73 1 - 43 . DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.02.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.02.003 .

Salvetat, J. P.; Briggs, A. D.; Bonard, J. M.; Bacsa, R. R.; Kulik, A. J.; Stockli, T.; Burnham, N. A.; Forro, L. A. . Elastic and shear moduli of single-walled carbon nanotube ropes . Phy. Rev. Lett. , 1999 . 82 944 - 947 . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.944 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.944 .

Zhang, Y. Q.; Lee, J. H.; Jang, H. J.; Nah, C. W. . Preparing PP/clay nanocomposites using a swelling agent . Compos. Part B: Eng. , 2004 . 35 133 - 138 . DOI: 10.1016/S1359-8368(03)00068-4 http://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(03)00068-4 .

Supova, M.; Martynkova, G. S.; Barabaszova, K. . Effect of nanofillers dispersion in polymer matrices: a review . Sci. Adv. Mat. , 2011 . 3 1 - 25 . DOI: 10.1166/sam.2011.1136 http://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2011.1136 .

Needleman, A.; Borders, T. L.; Brinson, L. C. . Effect of an interphase region on debonding of a CNT reinforced polymer composite . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2010 . 70 2207 - 2215 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.09.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.09.002 .

Safaei, M.; Sheidaei, A.; Baniassadi, M. . An interfacial debonding-induced damage model for graphite nanoplatelet polymer composites . Comput. Mater. Sci. , 2015 . 96 191 - 199 . DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.08.036 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.08.036 .

Liu, H.; Brinson, L. C. . Reinforcing efficiency of nanoparticles: a simple comparison for polymer nanocomposites . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2008 . 68 1502 - 1512 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.033 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.033 .

Balberg, I. . Recent developments in continuum percolation . Philos. Mag. Part B , 1987 . 56 991 - 1003 . DOI: 10.1080/13642818708215336 http://doi.org/10.1080/13642818708215336 .

Kruckel, J.; Stary, Z.; Triebel, C.; Schubert, D. W.; Munstedt, H. . Conductivity of polymethylmethacrylate filled with carbon black or carbon fibres under oscillatory shear . Polymer , 2012 . 53 395 - 402 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.041 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.041 .

Mutiso, R. M.; Winey, K. I. . Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like nanofillers . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2015 . 40 63 - 84 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.06.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.06.002 .

Alig, I.; Potschke, P.; Lellinger, D.; Skipa, T.; Pegel, S.; Kasaliwal, G. R.; Villmow, T. . Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts . Polymer , 2012 . 53 4 - 28 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.063 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.063 .

Bauhofer, W.; Kovacs, J. Z. . A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2009 . 69 1486 - 1498 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.018 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.018 .

Zeng, Y.; Liu, P.; Du, J.; Zhao, L.; Ajayan, P. M.; Cheng, H. M. . Increasing the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube/polymer composites by using weak nanotube-polymer interactions . Carbon , 2010 . 48 3551 - 3558 . DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.05.053 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.05.053 .

Bréchet, Y.; Cavaillé, J. Y.; Chabert, E.; Chazeau, L.; Dendievel, R.; Flandin, L.; Gauthier, C. . Polymer based nanocomposites: effect of filler-filler and filler-matrix interactions . Adv. Eng. Mater. , 2001 . 3 571 DOI: 10.1002/1527-2648(200108)3:8<571::AID-ADEM571>3.0.CO;2-M http://doi.org/10.1002/1527-2648(200108)3:8<571::AID-ADEM571>3.0.CO;2-M .

Ma, H. M.; Gao, X. L. . A three-dimensional Monte Carlo model for electrically conductive polymer matrix composites filled with curved fibers . Polymer , 2008 . 49 4230 - 4238 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.034 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.034 .

Bao, W. S.; Meguid, S. A.; Zhu, Z. H.; Pan, Y.; Weng, G. J. . A novel approach to predict the electrical conductivity of multifunctional nanocomposites . Mech. Mater. , 2012 . 46 129 - 138 . DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.12.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.12.006 .

Lu, W.; Chou, T. W.; Thostenson, E. T. . A three-dimensional model of electrical percolation thresholds in carbon nanotube-based composites . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2010 . 96 223106 DOI: 10.1063/1.3443731 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3443731 .

Li, C.; Thostenson, E. T.; Chou, T. W. . Effect of nanotube waviness on the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-based composites . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2008 . 68 1445 - 1452 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.056 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.056 .

Chen, Y.; Wang, S.; Pan, F.; Zhang, J. . A numerical study on electrical percolation of polymer-matrix composites with hubrid fillers of carbon nanotubes and carbon black . J. Nanomater. , 2014 . 9 614797 - 614806 . DOI: 10.1155/2014/614797 http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/614797 .

Gong, S.; Zhu, Z. H.; Meguid, S. A. . Anisotropic electrical conductivity of polymer composites with aligned carbon nanotubes . Polymer , 2015 . 56 498 - 506 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.11.038 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.11.038 .

Cho, H. W.; Nam, S.; Lim, S.; Kim, D.; Kim, H.; Sung, B. J. . Effects of size and interparticle interaction of silica nanoparticles on dispersion and electrical conductivity of silver/epoxy nanocomposites . J. Appl. Phys. , 2014 . 115 154307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4871669 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4871669 .

Feng, Y.; Ning, N.; Zhang, L.; Tian, M.; Zou, H.; Mi, J. . Evolution of conductive network and properties of nanorod/polymer composite under tensile strain . J. Chem. Phys. , 2013 . 139 024903 DOI: 10.1063/1.4812752 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812752 .

Cho, H. W.; Kim, S. W.; Kim, J.; Kim, U. J.; Im, K.; Park, J. J.; Sung, B. J. . Conductive network formation of carbon nanotubes in elastic polymer microfibers and its effect on the electrical conductance: Experiment and simulation . J. Chem. Phys. , 2016 . 144 194903 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949759 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949759 .

Ambrosetti, G.; Grimaldi, C.; Balberg, I.; Maeder, T.; Danani, A.; Ryser, A. . Solution of the tunneling-percolation problem in the nanocomposite regime . Phys. Rev. B , 2010 . 81 155434 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.155434 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.155434 .

Ambrosetti, G.; Johner, N.; Grimaldi, C.; Maeder, T.; Ryser, P.; and Danani, P. . Electron tunneling in conductor-insulator composites with spherical fillers . J. Appl. Phys. , 2009 . 106 016103 DOI: 10.1063/1.3159040 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3159040 .

Ambrosetti, G.; Johner, N.; Grimaldi, C.; Danani, A.; and Ryser, P. . Percolative properties of hard oblate ellipsoids of revolution with a soft shell . Phys. Rev. E , 2008 . 78 061126 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.061126 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.78.061126 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . Connectedness percolation in polydisperse rod systems: a modified Bethe lattice approach . J. Chem. Phys. , 2010 . 132 224905 DOI: 10.1063/1.3436716 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3436716 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . Connectedness percolation in monodisperse rod systems: clustering effects . J. Phys.: Condens. Matter , 2011 . 23 375101 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/37/375101 http://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/37/375101 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . Geometric percolation in polydisperse systems of finite-diameter rods: effects due to particle clustering and inter-particle correlations . J. Chem. Phys. , 2012 . 137 134903 DOI: 10.1063/1.4755957 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4755957 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . A percolation-based model for the conductivity of nanofiber composites . J. Chem. Phys. , 2013 . 139 224904 DOI: 10.1063/1.4840098 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4840098 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . A lattice-based approach to percolation in penetrable sphere systems . J. Stat. Phys. , 2014 . 156 586 - 592 . DOI: 10.1007/s10955-014-1013-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-014-1013-z .

Chatterjee, A. P. . Percolation in polydisperse systems of aligned rods: a lattice-based analysis . J. Chem. Phys. , 2014 . 140 204911 DOI: 10.1063/1.4879217 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4879217 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . Percolation thresholds for polydisperse circular disks: A lattice-based exploration . J. Chem. Phys. , 2014 . 141 034903 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890280 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4890280 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . A lattice model for connectedness percolation in mixtures of rods and disks . J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. , 2015 . 27 315303 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/31/315303 http://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/31/315303 .

Chatterjee, A. P. . Connectedness percolation in isotropic systems of monodisperse spherocylinders . J. Phys.: Condens. Matter , 2015 . 27 375302 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/37/375302 http://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/37/375302 .

Kyrylyuk, A. V.; Schoot, P. V. . Continuum percolation of carbon nanotubes in polymeric and colloidal media . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 2008 . 105 8221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711449105 http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711449105 .

Kyrylyuk, A., Hermant, M., Schilling, T. . Controlling electrical percolation in multicomponent carbon nanotube dispersions . Nat. Nanotechnol. , 2011 . 6 364 - 369 . DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.40 http://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.40 .

Otten, R. H.; Schoot, P. V. . Continuum percolation of polydisperse nanofillers . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2009 . 103 225704 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.225704 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.225704 .

Otten, R. H.; Schoot, P. V. . Connectivity percolation of polydisperse anisotropic nanofillers . J. Chem. Phys. , 2011 . 134 094902 DOI: 10.1063/1.3559004 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3559004 .

Nigro, B.; Grimaldi, C. . Impact of tunneling anisotropy on the conductivity of nanorod dispersions . Phys. Rev. B , 2014 . 90 094202 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.094202 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.094202 .

Gangopadhyay, R.; De, A. . Conducting polymer nanocomposites: a brief overview . Chem. Mater. , 2000 . 12 608 - 622 . DOI: 10.1021/cm990537f http://doi.org/10.1021/cm990537f .

Mutiso, R. M.; Sherrott, M. C.; Li, J.; Winey, K. I. . Simulations and generalized model of the effect of filler size dispersity on electrical percolation in rod networks . Phys. Rev. B , 2012 . 86 214306 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.214306 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.214306 .

White, S. I.; Di Donna, B. A.; Mu, M.; Lubensky, T. C.; Winey, K. I. . Simulations and electrical conductivity of percolated networks of finite rods with various degrees of axial alignment . Phys. Rev. B , 2009 . 79 024301 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.024301 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.024301 .

Rahatekar, S. S.; Hamm, M.; Shaffer, S. P.; Elliott, J. A. . Mesoscale modeling of electrical percolation in fiber-filled systems . J. Chem. Phys. , 2005 . 123 134702 DOI: 10.1063/1.2031147 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2031147 .

Chatterjee, A. P.; Grimaldi, C. . Random geometric graph description of connectedness percolation in rod systems . Phys. Rev. E , 2015 . 92 032121 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032121 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032121 .

Chatterjee, A. P.; Grimaldi, C. . Tunneling conductivity in anisotropic nanofiber composites: a percolation-based model . J. Phys.: Condens. Matter , 2015 . 27 145302 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/14/145302 http://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/14/145302 .

Du, F.; Fischer, J. E.; Winey, K. I. . Effect of nanotube alignment on percolation conductivity in carbon nanotube/polymer composites . Phys. Rev. B , 2005 . 72 121404 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.121404 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.121404 .

Behnam, A.; Guo, J.; Ural, A. . Effects of nanotube alignment and measurement direction on percolation resistivity in single-walled carbon nanotube films . J. Appl. Phys. , 2007 . 102 044313 DOI: 10.1063/1.2769953 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2769953 .

Zeng, X.; Xu, X.; Shenai, P. M.; Kovalev, E.; Baudot, C.; Mathews, N.; Zhao, Y. . Characteristics of the electrical percolation in carbon nanotubes/polymer nanocomposites . J. Phys. Chem. C , 2011 . 115 21685 - 90 . DOI: 10.1021/jp207388n http://doi.org/10.1021/jp207388n .

Silva, J.; Ribeiro, S.; Lanceros-Mendez, S.; Simoes, R. . The influence of matrix mediated hopping conductivity, filler concentration, aspect ratio and orientation on the electrical response of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2011 . 71 643 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.01.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.01.005 .

Balberg, I.; Anderson, C. H.; Alexander, S.; Wagner, N. . Excluded volume and its relation to the onset of percolation . Phys. Rev. B , 1984 . 30 3933 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.30.3933 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.30.3933 .

Guo, Z. ; Zhao, Y.; Ding, Y.; Dong, X.; Chen, L.; Cao, J.; Wang, C.; Xia, Y.; Peng, H.; Wang, Y. . Multi-functional flexible aqueous sodium-ion batteries with high safety . Chem , 2017 . 3 348 - 362 . DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.05.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.05.004 .

Chen, X; Sun, H.; Yang, Z.; Guan, G.; Zhang, Z.; Qiu, L.; Peng, H. . A novel “energy fiber” by coaxially integrating dye-sensitized solar cell and electrochemical capacitor . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2014 . 2 ( 6 ): 1897 - 1902 . DOI: 10.1039/C3TA13712K http://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA13712K .

Peng, H., Sun, X., Cai, F. . Electrochromatic carbon nanotube/polydiacetylene nanocomposite fibres . Nat. Nanotechnol. , 2009 . 4 738 - 741 . DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.264 http://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.264 .

Shen, J.; Han, X.; Lee, L. J. . Nanoscaled reinforcement of polystyrene foams using carbon nanofibers . J. Cell Plast. , 2006 . 42 105 - 126 . DOI: 10.1177%2F0021955X06060947 http://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021955X06060947 .

Qian, D.; Dickney, E. C.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T. . Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2000 . 76 2868 - 2870 . DOI: 10.1063/1.126500 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.126500 .

Chae, D. W.; Kim, B. C. . Characterization on polystyrene/zinc oxide nanocomposites prepared from solution mixing . Polym. Adv. Technol. , 2006 . 16 846 - 850 . DOI: 10.1002/pat.673 http://doi.org/10.1002/pat.673 .

Shen, J. W.; Huang, W. Y.; Zuo, S. W.; Hou, J. . Polyethylene/grafted polyethylene/graphite nanocomposites: Preparation, structure, and electrical properties . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 2005 . 97 51 - 59 . DOI: 10.1002/app.21729 http://doi.org/10.1002/app.21729 .

Raravikar, N. R.; Schadler, L. S.; Vijayaraghavan, A.; Zhao, Y. P.; Wei, B. Q.; Ajayan, P. M. . Synthesis and characterization of thickness-aligned carbon nanotube-polymer composite films . Chem. Mater. , 2005 . 17 974 - 983 . DOI: 10.1021/cm0485254 http://doi.org/10.1021/cm0485254 .

Jia, Z.; Wang, Z.; Xu, C.; Liang, J.; Wei, B.; Wu, D.; Zhu, S. . Study on poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanotube composites . Mater. Sci. Eng. A , 1999 . 27 395 - 400 . DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00263-4 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00263-4 .

Huang, C.; Cheng, Q. . Learning from nacre: Constructing polymer nanocomposites . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2017 . 150 141 - 166 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.07.021 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.07.021 .

Li, S.; Toprak, M. S.; Jo, Y. S.; Dobson, J.; Kim, D. K.; Muhammed, M. . Bulk synthesis of transparent and homogeneous polymeric hybrid materials with ZnO quantum dots and PMMA . Adv. Mater. , 2007 . 19 4347 - 52 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.200700736 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200700736 .

Rostovtsev, V. V.; Green, L. G.; Fokin, V. V.; Sharpless, K. B. . A stepwise Huisgen cycloaddition process: copper (I)-catalyzed regioselective “ligation” of azides and terminal alkynes . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2002 . 41 2596 - 2599 . DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14%3C2596::AID-ANIE2596%3E3.0.CO;2-4 http://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14%3C2596::AID-ANIE2596%3E3.0.CO;2-4 .

Siemsen, P.; Livingston, R. C.; Diederich, F. . Acetylenic coupling: a powerful tool in molecular construction . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2000 . 39 2632 - 2657 . DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15%3C2632::AID-NIE2632%3E3.0.CO;2-F http://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15%3C2632::AID-NIE2632%3E3.0.CO;2-F .

Jean-François, L.; Börner, H. G.; Weichenhan, K. . Combining ATRP and “click” chemistry: a promising platform toward functional biocompatible polymers and polymer bioconjugates . Macromolecules , 2006 . 39 6376 - 6383 . DOI: 10.1021/ma061557n http://doi.org/10.1021/ma061557n .

Binder, W. H.; Sachsenhofer, R. . ‘Click’ chemistry in polymer and materials science . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 2007 . 28 15 - 54 . DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600625 http://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200600625 .

Xi, W.; Scott, T. F.; Kloxin, C. J.; Browman, C. N. . Click chemistry in materials science . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2014 . 24 2572 - 2590 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201302847 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201302847 .

Castelain, M.; Martinez, G.; Marcos, C.; Eliis, G.; Salavagione, H. J. . Effect of click-chemistry approaches for graphene modification on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyethylene/graphene nanocomposites . Macromolecules , 2013 . 46 8980 - 8987 . DOI: 10.1021/ma401606d http://doi.org/10.1021/ma401606d .

Salavagione, H. J.; Díaz, S. Q.; Jimenez, P. E.; Martínez, G.; Ania, F.; Flores, A.; Gómez-Fatou, M. A. . Development of advanced elastomeric conductive nanocomposites by selective chemical affinity of modified graphene . Macromolecules , 2016 . 49 4948 - 4956 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00490 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00490 .

Kashiwagi, T.; Du, F.; Douglas, J. F.; Winey, K. I.; Harris, R. H. Jr.; Shields, J. R. . Nanoparticle networks reduce the flammability of polymer nanocomposites . Nat. Mater. , 2005 . 4 928 - 933 . DOI: 10.1038/nmat1502 http://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1502 .

May, P.; Khan, U.; O'Neill, A.; Coleman, J. N. . Approaching the theoretical limit for reinforcing polymers with graphene . J. Mater. Chem. , 2012 . 22 1278 - 1282 . DOI: 10.1039/C1JM15467B http://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM15467B .

Grimmer, C. S.; Dharan, C. K. H. . High-cycle fatigue of hybrid carbon nanotube/glass fiber/polymer composites . J. Mater. Sci. , 2008 . 43 4487 - 4492 . DOI: 10.1007/s10853-008-2651-9 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2651-9 .

Kim, K. T.; Jo, W. H. . Non-destructive functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with naphthalene-containing polymer for Nylon66/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites . Carbon , 2011 . 49 819 - 826 . DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.021 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.021 .

Yuan, W.; Chan-Park, M. B. . Covalent cum noncovalent functionalizations of carbon nanotubes for effective reinforcement of a solution cast composite film . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2012 . 4 2065 - 2073 . DOI: 10.1021/am300038d http://doi.org/10.1021/am300038d .

Coleman, J. N.; Cadek, M.; Blake, R.; Nicolosi, V.; Ryan, K. P.; Belton, C.; Fonseca, A.; Nagy, J. B.; Gun'ko, Y. K.; Blau, W. J. . High performance nanotube-reinforced plastics: understanding the mechanism of strength increase . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2004 . 14 791 - 798 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200305200 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200305200 .

Aoyama, S.; Park, Y. T.; Ougizawa, T.; Macosko, C. W. . Melt crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate): comparing addition of graphene vs. carbon nanotubes . Polymer , 2014 . 55 2077 - 2085 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.055 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.055 .

Calcagno, C. I. W.; Mariani, C. M.; Teixeira, S. R.; Mauler, R. S. . The effect of organic modifier of the clay on morphology and crystallization properties of PET nanocomposites . Polymer , 2007 . 48 966 - 974 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.044 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.044 .

Liao, K. H.; Aoyama, S.; Abdala, A. A.; Macosko, C. W. . Does graphene change T g of nanocomposites? . Macromolecules , 2014 . 47 8311 - 8319 . DOI: 10.1021/ma501799z http://doi.org/10.1021/ma501799z .

Chou, C. C.; McAtee, J. L. . Decomposition of alkylammonium cations adsorbed on vermiculite under ambient conditions . Clay and Clay Miner , 1969 . 17 339 - 346 . DOI: 10.1016/0169-1317(90)90022-H http://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1317(90)90022-H .

Xie, W.; Gao, Z.; Pan, W. P.; Hunter, D.; Singh, A.; Vaia, R. . Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium Montmorillonite . Chem. Mater. , 2001 . 13 2979 - 2990 . DOI: 10.1021/cm010305s http://doi.org/10.1021/cm010305s .

Wang, Y.; Tebyetekerwa, M.; Liu, Y.; Wang, M.; Zhu, J.; Xu, J.; Zhang, C.; Liu, T. . Extremely stretchable and healable ionic conductive hydrogels fabricated by surface competitive coordination for human-motion detection . Chem. Eng. J. , 2020 . 127637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127637 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127637 .

Li, L. B.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, H. . Cryopolymerization enables anisotropic polyaniline hybrid hydrogels with superelasticity and highly deformation-tolerant electrochemical energy storage . Nat. Commun. , 2020 . 11 62 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13959-9 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13959-9 .

Kumar, S.; Sarita, N. M.; Dilbaghi, N.; Tankeshwar, K.; Kim, K.H. . Recent advances and remaining challenges for polymeric nanocomposites in healthcare applications . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2018 . 80 1 - 38 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.001 .

McClory, C.; Chin, S. J.; McNally, T. . Polymer/carbon nanotube composites . Aust. J. Chem. , 2009 . 62 762 - 785 . DOI: 10.1071/CH09131 http://doi.org/10.1071/CH09131 .

Wang, Y.; Shan, J. W.; Weng, G. J. . Percolation threshold and electrical conductivity of graphene-based nanocomposites with filler agglomeration and interfacial tunnelling . J. Appl. Phys. , 2015 . 118 065101 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928293 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4928293 .

Smith, A. T.; LaChance, A. M.; Zeng, S.; Liu, B.; Sun, L. . Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites . Nano Mater. Sci. , 2019 . 1 31 - 47 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004 .

Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials Incorporated. Available online: http://www.nanoamor.com http://www.nanoamor.com (accessed on 6 December 2015).

Cheap Tubes. Available online: http://www.cheaptubes.com/ http://www.cheaptubes.com/ (accessed on 6 December 2015).

Guo, F.; Aryana, S.; Han, Y.; Jiao, Y. . A review of the synthesis and applications of polymer-nanoclay composites . Appl. Sci. , 2018 . 8 1696 DOI: 10.3390/app8091696 http://doi.org/10.3390/app8091696 .

浏览量

202

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Electrically Conductive and Flame Retardant Graphene/Brominated Polystyrene/Maleic Anhydride Grafted High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Satisfactory Mechanical Properties

Physical Adsorption and Glass Transition of Thin Polystyrene Films at a Graphene Interface

Cyclic Pulsating Pressure Enhanced Segregating Structuration of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Graphene Composites as High-performance Light-Weight EMI Shields

Holographic Polymer Nanocomposites with High Refractive Index Modulation by Doping Liquid Crystal E6M

Squaramide-directed Cooperative One-dimensional Assembly in Telechelic Polydimethylsiloxane for Hierarchical Network Formation