Ionic Polymers in Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries

Qian Chen; Jonas Wilhelm; Jean-François Gohy; Jiajia Huang; Feili Lai

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3828-x

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Ionic Polymers in Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries

REVIEW | Updated：2026-08-31

- Ionic Polymers in Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries
  Enhanced Publication
- Ionic Polymers in Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷页码：1-22
- Affiliations：
  
  a.School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  b.Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
  c.Institute for Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
  d.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atomic-Level Intelligent Manufacturing of Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Author bio：
  
  huangjiajia@zzu.edu.cn (J.H.)
  feililai@sjtu.edu.cn (F.L.)
- Funds：
  
  This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (No. 252300421944), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. W2521070), and the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS through the PINT-Bilat-M NSFC (China) project (No. R.M005.26).;Jiajia Huang received his Ph.D. degree in Polymer Chemistry and Physics from Sun Yat-sen University in 2014. He joined the School of Chemical Engineering at Zhengzhou University in 2014 and is currently a Professor at Zhengzhou University. He was a postdoctoral researcher at Zhengzhou University from 2015 to 2017 and a visiting scholar at the University of New South Wales, Australia, from 2019 to 2020. His research focuses on functional polymer and carbon-based materials for adsorption and separation, electrochemical energy storage, and energy conversion.Feili Lai received his B.S. degree from Donghua University in 2014, his M.S. degree from Fudan University in 2017, and his Ph.D. degree from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces/Potsdam University in 2019. He conducted postdoctoral research from 2019 to 2023 at KU Leuven, Belgium, as well as visiting scholars at Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research and Harvard University. In 2023, he joined the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests include polymer nanocomposites for energy-storage materials and devices, electrocatalysis, and soft robotics.The authors declare no interest conflict.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3828-x
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-06-24，
  
  录用：2026-08-02，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-28，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Chen, Q.; Wilhelm, J.; Gohy, J. F.; Huang, J.; Lai, F. Ionic polymers in aqueous zinc–iodine batteries. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3828-x

Qian Chen, Jonas Wilhelm, Jean-François Gohy, et al. Ionic Polymers in Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-22.
Chen, Q.; Wilhelm, J.; Gohy, J. F.; Huang, J.; Lai, F. Ionic polymers in aqueous zinc–iodine batteries. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3828-x DOI：

Qian Chen, Jonas Wilhelm, Jean-François Gohy, et al. Ionic Polymers in Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-22. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3828-x.

摘要

Abstract

Aqueous zinc–iodine batteries (AZIBs) have attracted considerable interest for large-scale energy storage owing to their high safety

low cost

and abundant resources. However

their further development is still limited by several key issues

including polyiodide shuttling

sluggish iodine-conversion kinetics

and unstable Zn anode interfaces. Ionic polymers

which combine charged functional sites

continuous macr

omolecular frameworks

and tunable transport channels

have emerged as promising materials for regulating these coupled processes. In this feature article

recent advances in ionic polymers for AZIBs are systematically summarized from three perspectives: iodine-cathode hosts

electrolyte and separator ion-transport regulation

and zinc-anode protection. Particular attention is given to the underlying mechanisms and structural design principles related to polyiodide confinement

transport regulation

interfacial desolvation

and reaction environment optimization. Based on this

the evolution from physical confinement to charge engineering is highlighted

and the remaining challenges and future opportunities are briefly discussed. This feature article aims to provide useful guidance for the rational design of ionic polymers for high-performance AZIBs.

关键词

Keywords

references

Yang, G.; Zha, D.; Cao, D.; Zhang, G. Time for a change: rethinking the global renewable energy transition from the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement. Innovation 2024 , 5 , 100582..

Mamat, R.; Erdiwansyah, Ghazali, M. F.; Rosdi, S. M.; Syafrizal, Bahagia. Strategic framework for overcoming barriers in renewable energy transition: a multi-dimensional review. Next Energy 2025 , 9 , 100414..

Al-Shetwi, A. Q.; Abidin, I. Z.; Mahafzah, K. A.; Hannan, M. A. Feasibility of future transition to 100% renewable energy: recent progress, policies, challenges, and perspectives. J. Clean. Prod. 2024 , 478 , 143942..

Abd-Elhady, M. M.; Elhendawy, M. A.; Abd-Elmajeed, M. S.; Rizk, R. B. Enhancing photovoltaic systems: a comprehensive review of cooling, concentration, spectral splitting, and tracking techniques. Next Energy 2025 , 6 , 100185..

Mariam, E.; Ramasubramanian, B.; Sumedha Reddy, V.; Dalapati, G. K.; Ghosh, S.; Thanseeha Sherin, P. A.; Chakrabortty, S.; Motapothula, M. R.; Kumar, A.; Ramakrishna, S.; Krishnamurthy, S. Emerging trends in cooling technologies for photovoltaic systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2024 , 192 , 114203..

Al-Ali, S.; Olabi, A. G.; Mahmoud, M. A review of solar photovoltaic technologies: developments, challenges, and future perspectives. Energy Convers. Manag. X 2025 , 27 , 101057..

Li, G.; Zhu, W. Tidal current energy harvesting technologies: a review of current status and life cycle assessment. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2023 , 179 , 113269..

Yang, Z.; Ren, Z.; Li, H.; Pan, Z.; Xia, W. A review of tidal current power generation farm planning: methodologies, characteristics and challenges. Renew. Energy 2024 , 220 , 119603..

Khare, V.; Bhuiyan, M. A. Tidal energy-path towards sustainable energy: a technical review. Clean. Energy Syst. 2022 , 3 , 100041..

Rowell, D.; McMillan, D.; Carroll, J. Offshore wind H & S: a review and analysis. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2024 , 189 , 113928..

Oh, S. Y.; Joung, C.; Lee, S.; Shim, Y.-B.; Lee, D.; Cho, G.-E.; Jang, J.; Lee, I. Y.; Park, Y. B. Condition-based maintenance of wind turbine structures: a state-of-the-art review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2024 , 204 , 114799..

Das Karmakar, S.; Chattopadhyay, H. A comprehensive look into the sustainability of wind power. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2025 , 217 , 115694..

Ibrahim, H.; Ilinca, A.; Perron, J. Energy storage systems—characteristics and comparisons. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2008 , 12 , 1221−1250..

Notton, G.; Nivet, M. L.; Voyant, C.; Paoli, C.; Darras, C.; Motte, F.; Fouilloy, A. Intermittent and stochastic character of renewable energy sources: consequences, cost of intermittence and benefit of forecasting. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018 , 87 , 96−105..

Deguenon, L.; Yamegueu, D.; Moussa kadri, S.; Gomna, A. Overcoming the challenges of integrating variable renewable energy to the grid: a comprehensive review of electrochemical battery storage systems. J. Power Sources 2023 , 580 , 233343..

Taabodi, M. H.; Niknam, T.; Sharifhosseini, S. M.; Asadi Aghajari, H.; Shojaeiyan, S. Electrochemical storage systems for renewable energy integration: a comprehensive review of battery technologies and grid-scale applications. J. Power Sources 2025 , 641 , 236832..

Sakib, S.; Hossain, M. B.; Zamee, M. A.; Hossain, M. J.; Habib, M. A. Role of battery energy storage systems: a comprehensive review on renewable energy zones integration in weak transmission networks. J. Energy Storage 2025 , 128 , 117223..

Navesi, R. B.; Jadidoleslam, M.; Moradi-Shahrbabak, Z.; Naghibi, A. F. Capability of battery-based integrated renewable energy systems in the energy management and flexibility regulation of smart distribution networks considering energy and flexibility markets. J. Energy Storage 2024 , 98 , 113007..

Tasneem, O.; Tasneem, H.; Xian, X. Lithium-ion battery technologies for grid-scale renewable energy storage. Next Res. 2025 , 2 , 100297..

Dunn, B.; Kamath, H.; Tarascon, J.-M. Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science 2011 , 334 , 928−935..

Guo, Y.; Huang, Z.; Hu, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, J. Recent advances in iron-based heterostructure anode materials for sodium ion batteries. Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 2025 , 41 , 100022..

Awasthi, S. A review on the optimization of electrolytes to enhance lithium-ion batteries' safety and performance under abuse conditions. J. Energy Storage 2024 , 100 , 113439..

Xu, K. Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond. Chem. Rev. 2014 , 114 , 11503−11618..

Chang, X.; Chen, J.; Xu, W.; Li, M.; Zhou, Q.; Dai, B.; Zhou, H.; Liu, Y.; Qiao, Y. Designing robust electrolytes for extreme environments: overcoming voltage and thermal constraints in sodium-ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 2025 , 81 , 104526..

Harper, G.; Sommerville, R.; Kendrick, E.; Driscoll, L.; Slater, P.; Stolkin, R.; Walton, A.; Christensen, P.; Heidrich, O.; Lambert, S.; Abbott, A.; Ryder, K.; Gaines, L.; Anderson, P. Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles. Nature 2019 , 575 , 75−86..

Priyadarsini, S.; Das, A. P. Analytical and structural characterization of waste lithium-ion batteries for their effective recycling strategy. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol. 2025 , 7 , 182−191..

Azimi, G.; Chan, K. H. A review of contemporary and emerging recycling methods for lithium-ion batteries with a focus on NMC cathodes. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2024 , 209 , 107825..

Liu, B.; Li, Y.; Jia, G.; Zhao, T. Recent advances in redox flow batteries employing metal coordination complexes as redox-active species. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 2024 , 7 , 7..

Chen, X.; Li, W.; Reed, D.; Li, X.; Liu, X. On energy storage chemistry of aqueous Zn-ion batteries: from cathode to anode. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 2023 , 6 , 33..

Dai, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, P.; Chen, J.; Zong, W.; Zheng, S.; Gao, X.; MacDonald, T. J.; He, G. Interfacial energy storage in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2025 , 18 , 9018−9030..

Hong, J. J.; Zhu, L.; Chen, C.; Tang, L.; Jiang, H.; Jin, B.; Gallagher, T. C.; Guo, Q.; Fang, C.; Ji, X. A dual plating battery with the iodine/[ZnI x (OH 2 ) 4– x ] 2– x cathode. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019 , 58 , 15910−1591 5..

Chen, H.; Li, X.; Fang, K.; Wang, H.; Ning, J.; Hu, Y. Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries: from electrochemistry to energy storage mechanism. Adv. Energy Mater. 2023 , 13 , 2302187..

Wang, L.; Ji, P.; Li, N.; Li, J.; Liu, Y. L.; Guan, J.; Wang, Z.; Fu, H.; Mu, Y.; Zeng, L. Advancements and challenges in aqueous zinc-iodine batteries: strategies for enhanced performance and stability. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 2025 , 8 , 34..

Xu, J.; Ma, W.; Ge, L.; Ren, M.; Cai, X.; Liu, W.; Yao, J.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, H. Confining iodine into a biomass-derived hierarchically porous carbon as cathode material for high performance zinc–iodine battery. J. Alloys Compd. 2022 , 912 , 165151..

Yang, H.; Qiao, Y.; Chang, Z.; Deng, H.; He, P.; Zhou, H. A metal–organic framework as a multifunctional ionic sieve membrane for long-life aqueous zinc–iodide batteries. Adv. Mater. 2020 , 32 , 2004240..

Zhao, H.; Yin, D.; Qin, Y.; Cui, X.; Feng, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, L.; Gao, N.; Cui, M.; Xiao, C.; Feng, G.; Su, Y.; Xi, K.; Ding, S. Highly electrically co nductive polyiodide ionic liquid cathode for high-capacity dual-plating zinc-iodine batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024 , 146 , 6744−6752..

Baghodrat, M.; La Mantia, F.; Zampardi, G. A comprehensive and critical review on the application of conductive polymers as coatings for aqueous zinc-ion battery positive electrode materials. J. Mater. Chem. A 2026 , 14 , 2011−2029..

Miao, X.; Chen, Q.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Chen, Y.; Lin, J.; Chen, S.; Zhang, Y. Performance comparison of electro-polymerized polypyrrole and polyaniline as cathodes for iodine redox reaction in zinc-iodine batteries. Electrochim. Acta 2022 , 415 , 140206..

Zeng, X.; Meng, X.; Jiang, W.; Liu, J.; Ling, M.; Yan, L.; Liang, C. Anchoring polyiodide to conductive polymers as cathode for high-performance aqueous zinc–iodine batteries. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2020 , 8 , 14280−14285..

Deng, Z.; Zhang, X.; Sun, X.; Aboraia, A. M.; Li, H.; Yang, L.; Wu, Y.; Zhu, M. Ion-selective polypyrrole coating enhances H 2 V 3 O 8 cathode stability in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2025 , 68 , 1929−1936..

Guo, G.; Dai, Q.; Li, W.; Ke, S.; Chen, H.; Zhang, H.; Ma, L.; Han, S.; Liu, S. Intercatenation weaves MOFs with conductive networks as iodine hosts for zinc-iodine batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 2025 , 514 , 163100..

Wei, F.; Xu, H.; Zhang, T.; Li, W.; Huang, L.; Peng, Y.; Guo, H.; Wang, Y.; Guan, S.; Fu, J.; Jing, C.; Cheng, J.; Liu, S. Mesoporous poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) as efficient iodine host for high-performance zinc-iodine batteries. ACS Nano 2023 , 17 , 20643−20653..

Wu, W.; Li, C.; Wang, Z.; Shi, H.-Y.; Song, Y.; Liu, X.-X.; Sun, X. Electrode and electrolyte regulation to promote coulombic efficiency and cycling stability of aqueous zinc-iodine batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 428 , 131283..

Lee, S. J.; Im, J. H.; Lee, S.-E.; Kim, S. Recent progress on material strategies for high-performance aqueous zinc-iodine batteries. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2026 , 43 , 839−853..

Zhang, L.; Zhang, M.; Guo, H.; Tian, Z.; Ge, L.; He, G.; Huang, J.; Wang, J.; Liu, T.; Parkin, I. P.; Lai, F. A universal polyiodide regulation using quaternization engine ering toward high value-added and ultra-stable zinc-iodine batteries. Adv. Sci. 2022 , 9 , 2105598..

Qiu, L.; Zhang, L.; Liang, Z.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, S.; Zhang, Y.; Debroye, E.; Hofkens, J.; Huang, J.; Lai, F. Viologen-based polymers with extended π-conjugation structure to boost zinc-iodine battery performance by constructing efficient electric double layers. Chem. Eng. J. 2025 , 514 , 162992..

Chen, L.; Huang, S.; Feng, Z.; Lin, Z.; Huang, H.; Ye, M.; Zhang, Y.; Wen, Z.; Tang, Y.; Liu, X.; Li, C.-C. Local electric field microenvironment-induced dynamic spatial confinement to stabilize I + toward high-mass-loading and stable zinc–iodine batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025 , 64 , e202510737..

Zhou, L.; Zhang, G.; Guo, J.; Liu, S.; Chang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhu, S.; Han, G. Electrostatic–immobilized polyiodides via bifunctional quaternary ammonium binder for shuttle–free and ultra–stable Zn–I 2 batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2026 , 36 , e13527..

Zhang, Y.; Liu, S.; Gao, Y.; Meng, L.; Huang, J. Boosting the rate performance of zinc-iodine batteries via electrostatic adsorption and catalysis of strong base ion resin grafted with cobalt phthalocyanine. Electrochim. Acta 2024 , 505 , 144928..

Pei, L.-H.; Xu, D.-M.; Luo, Y.-Z.; Guo, S.-J.; Liu, D.-R.; Jiang, S.-J.; Zhang, W.-J.; Cao, F.-F. Zinc single-atom catalysts encapsulated in hierarchical porous bio-carbon synergistically enhances fast iodine conversion and efficient polyiodide confinement for Zn-I 2 batteries. Adv. Mater. 2025 , 37 , 2420005..

Wang, Y.; Jin, X.; Xiong, J.; Zhu, Q.; Li, Q.; Wang, R.; Li, J.; Fan, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Sun, X. Ultrastable electrolytic Zn–I 2 batteries based on nanocarbon wrapped by highly efficient single-atom Fe-NC iodine catalysts. Adv. Mater. 2024 , 36 , 2404093..

Yang, Q.; Qiao, Y.; Tong, R.; Lin, D.; Ding, G.; Shi, Z.; Wang, J.; Feng, Y.; Xue, P.; Li, Q. Multi-site Co-doped hierarchical porous carbon for efficient iodine conversion and uniform zinc deposition in zinc–iodine batteries. Small Meth. 2026 , 10 , e02240..

Sun, M.; Wei, L.; Peng, J.; Zhao, G.; Yu, D.; Chen, C. High yield porous carbon framework with co-active BN sites to promote polyiodide conversion for high performance Zn-I2 batteries. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 , 698 , 138070..

Xu, J.; Zhu, A.; Zheng, Z.; Qi, Y.; Yuwen, C.; Cao, Y.; Peng, B.; Ma, L.; Wang, Y. Building Li-S batteries with enhanced temperature adaptability via a redox-active COF-based barrier-trapping electrocatalyst. J. Energy Chem. 2025 , 101 , 702−712..

Di, H.; An, Y.; Yang, J.; Luan, D.; Lou, X. W. D. Fluorine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework enables long-life Zn–I 2 batteries by suppression of polyiodide shuttle. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025 , 64 , e202513312..

Sun, Y.; Shao, Q.; Wang, S.; Yu, Y.; Xu, J.; Zhou, E.; Wang, D.; Liu, D.; Zhu, L. Electronically modulated TpPaCOF as a high-performance iodine host for Zn–I 2 batteries. Small 2025 , 21 , e10396..

Zhang, L.; Zhang, S.; Wang, L.; Luo, F. Constructing nitrogen-rich clover-like covalent organic frameworks for effective iodine capture. Sci. China Mater. 2025 , 68 , 4164−4172..

Du, W.; Huang, Q.; Zheng, X.; Lv, Y.; Miao, L.; Song, Z.; Gan, L.; Liu, M. High-conversion-efficiency and stable six-electron Zn-I 2 batteries enabled by organic iodid e/thiazole-linked covalent organic frameworks. energy Environ. Sci. 2025 , 18 , 6540..

Yao, H.; Wang, C.; Ma, L.; Li, C.; Liu, F.; Li, P.; Yang, Z.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, Y.; Qu, J.; Cheng, H.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, C.; Zhang, S.; Gui, C.; Liao, M.; Peng, H.; Wang, B. Quaternary ammonium-mediated I+ complexation for stable high-energy four-electron aqueous fiber zinc-iodine batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2026 , 69 , 4098−4107..

Xu, J.; Dai, Q.; Yang, R.; Yu, Y.; Song, X.; Wang, D.; Zhu, L.; Chu, X.; Cao, Y.; Wang, Y. Ion-replenishing interlayer and tailored electrolyte jointly activate four-electron zinc–iodine batteries. Adv. Mater. 2026 , 38 , e73355..

Li, Y.; Guo, X.; Wang, S.; Sun, W.; Yu, D.; Li, N.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, X.; Pang, H. Nano/micro metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon with rich nitrogen sites as efficient iodine hosts for aqueous zinc-iodine batteries. Adv. Sci. 2025 , 12 , 2502563..

Zhang, L.; Luo, K.; Gong, J.; Zhou, Y.; Guo, H.; Yu, Y.; He, G.; Gohy, J.-F.; Parkin, I. P.; Hofkens, J.; He, Q.; Liu, T.; Müllen, K.; Lai, F. Unlocking durable and sustainable zinc–iodine batteries via molecularly engineered polyiodide reservoirs. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025 , 64 , e202506822..

Bai, Z.; Wang, G.; Liu, H.; Lou, Y.; Wang, N.; Liu, H.; Dou, S. Advancements in aqueous zinc–iodine batteries: a review. Chem. Sci. 2024 , 15 , 3071−3092..

Kim, C.; Do, K.; Jung, K.-N.; Lee, J.-W. Multi-electron zinc–iodine batteries stabilized by acid-durable selective framework membranes. Chem. Eng. J. 2026 , 527 , 171654..

Huang, F.; Xu, W.; He, Y.; Li, D.; Tan, Y.; He, H. Electrolyte design toward high-performance zinc-iodine batteries: progress, challenges, and prospects. Battery Energy 2025 , 4 , e70036..

Aydogan Gokturk, P.; Sujanani, R.; Qian, J.; Wang, Y.; Katz, L. E.; Freeman, B. D.; Crumlin, E. J. The donnan potential revealed. Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 5880..

Gao, K. W.; Yu, X.; Darling, R. M.; Newman, J.; Balsara, N. P. Increased Donnan exclusion in charged polymer networks at high salt concentrations. Soft Matter 2022 , 18 , 282−292..

Qu, W.; Wen, C.; Chen, B.; Cai, Y.; Zhang, M. Sulfonate-functionalization in Zn-iodine batteries as one stone kills two birds: iodine limiter and uniform Zn plating guidance layer. Sci. China Mater. 2024 , 67 , 2889−2897..

Jiang, J.; Dauenhauer, C. K.; Ko, Y.; O’Brien, C. P.; Paulsen, B. D.; Schaefer, J. L. Electrochemical investigation of Donnan exclusion mechanisms in molecular layer-by-layer membranes. J. Chem. Phys. 2025 , 163 , 194909..

Kodým, R.; Fíla, V.; Šnita, D.; Bouzek, K. Poisson–Nernst–Planck model of multiple ion transport across an ion-selective membrane under conditions close to chlor-alkali electrolysis. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2016 , 46 , 679−694..

Li, B.; Nie, Z.; Vijayakumar, M.; Li, G.; Liu, J.; Sprenkle, V.; Wang, W. Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery. Nat. Commun. 2015 , 6 , 6303..

Hu, Y.; Hu, T.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, H.; Pei, Y.; Yang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Hu, H.; Liang, G.; Cheng, H.-M. Initiating a composite membrane with a localized high iodine concentration layer based on adduct chemistry to enable highly reversible zinc -iodine flow batteries. Chem. Sci. 2024 , 15 , 14195−14201..

Zhang, L.; Huang, J.; Guo, H.; Ge, L.; Tian, Z.; Zhang, M.; Wang, J.; He, G.; Liu, T.; Hofkens, J.; Brett, D. J. L.; Lai, F. Tuning ion transport at the anode-electrolyte interface via a sulfonate-rich ion-exchange layer for durable zinc-iodine batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2023 , 13 , 2203790..

Zhang, W.; Gong, J.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Z.; You, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, C.; Debroye, E.; Gohy, J.-F.; Hofkens, J.; Miao, Y.-E.; Lai, F.; Liu, T. Sulfonated cellulose acetate nanofibers induced zincophilic-hydrophobic interface to regulate ion transport for long-lifespan zinc-iodine batteries. Adv. Sci. 2026 , 13 , e22067..

Zhang, K.; Ge, Y.; Yu, Q.; Zhang, P.; Feng, Y.; Tie, Z.; Ma, J.; Jin, Z. Self-stratified aqueous biphasic Zn–I and Zn–Br batteries enabled by spontaneous phase separation and halogen extraction effects of ionic liquids. Energy Storage Mater. 2024 , 67 , 103296..

Zhao, R.; Lu, K.; Pasha, M.; Kuang, R.; Zhang, H.; Lu, S. Regulating the electrolyte network to accelerate reversible I − /I 2 Br − conversion and suppress zinc dendrite formation in advanced zinc–iodine flow ba tteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2024 , 12 , 24468−24476..

Kang, J.; Zhang, J.; Wan, W.; Zhai, Z.; Liu, G.; Ge, Y.; Wang, L.; Wang, C.; Lu, H. A dynamic cathode interlayer for ultralow self-discharge and high iodide utilization in zinc–iodine batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2025 , 18 , 4800−4810..

Zhang, L.; Ge, J.; Wang, T.; Guo, H.; Chen, S.; Miao, Y.-E.; Debroye, E.; He, G.; Parkin, I. P.; Hofkens, J.; Lai, F.; Liu, T. Langmuir-blodgett film formed by amphiphilic molecules for facile and rapid construction of zinc-iodine cell. Nano Lett. 2024 , 24 , 3036−3043..

Zong, W.; Li, J.; Zhang, C.; Dai, Y.; Ouyang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, W.; Chen, R.; Dong, H.; Gao, X.; Zhu, J.; Parkin, I. P.; Shearing, P. R.; Lai, F.; Amine, K.; Liu, T.; He, G. Dynamical Janus interface design for reversible and fast-charging zinc–iodine battery under extreme operating conditions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024 , 146 , 21377−21388..

Xie, Y.; Feng, S.; Gao, J.; Cheng, T.; Zhang, L. Modulating the interfacial microenvironment via zwitterionic additive for long-cycling aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2024 , 67 , 2898−2907..

Jiang, P.; Chen, J.; Chen, K.; Xie, W.; Lin, L.; Fang, Y.; Xia, Y.; Wu, Z.-S.; Chen, Z.; Ruan, D.; Cao, Y. Solvation regulation with Janus solvates for sustainable aqueous Zn ion batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2026 , 69 , 3421−3429..

Yin, Z.; Yan, X.; Liu, Y.; Gao, Z.; Li, Z.; Qin, Z.; Zhang, J.; Wu, Z.; Hu, W. Regulation of hydrogen evolution reaction and dendrite growth by multifunctional additive for Zn-ion batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2025 , 68 , 3288−3294..

Yue, Q.; Wan, Y.; Li, X.; Zhao, Q.; Gao, T.; Deng, G.; Li, B.; Xiao, D. Restraining the shuttle effect of polyiodides and modulating the deposition of zinc ions to enhance the cycle lifespan of aqueous Zn–I 2 batteries. Chem. Sci. 2024 , 15 , 5711−5722..

Tian, Y.; Chen, S.; Ding, S.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, J. A highly conductive gel electrolyte with favorable ion transfer channels for long-lived zinc-iodine batteries. Chem. Sci. 2023 , 14 , 331−337..

Yang, J.-L.; Xiao, T.; Xiao, T.; Li, J.; Yu, Z.; Liu, K.; Yang, P.; Fan, H.-J. Cation-conduction dominated hydrogels for durable z inc–iodine batteries. Adv. Mater. 2024 , 36 , 2313610..

Yang, J. L.; Yu, Z.; Wu, J.; Li, J.; Chen, L.; Xiao, T.; Xiao, T.; Cai, D.-Q.; Liu, K.; Yang, P.; Fan, H. J. Hetero-polyionic hydrogels enable dendrites-free aqueous Zn-I 2 batteries with fast kinetics. Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , e2306531..

Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Liu, L.; Ma, Q.; Wang, R.; Xiong, P.; Li, H.; Zhang, S.; Hao, J.; Zhang, C. All-climate energy-dense cascade aqueous Zn-I 2 batteries enabled by a polycationic hydrogel electrolyte. Adv. Mater. 2025 , 37 , 2415979..

Zhang, L.; Ding, H.; Gao, H.; Gong, J.; Guo, H.; Zhang, S.; Yu, Y.; He, G.; Deng, T.; Parkin, I. P.; Hofkens, J.; Fan, X.; Lai, F.; Liu, T. An integrated design for high-energy, durable zinc–iodine batteries with ultra-high recycling efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 2025 , 18 , 2462−2473..

Hu, X.; Zhao, Z.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Lai, G.; Lu, B.; Zhou, P.; Chen, L.; Zhou, J. Bifunctional self-segregated electrolyte realizing high-performance zinc-iodine batteries. InfoMat 2024 , 6 , e12620..

Zhang, X.; Peng, X.; Wang, Z.; Li, T.; Xu, F. Ultrathin hydrophobic anode/electrolyte interphase for stable zinc-metal anode. Sci. China Mater. 2026 , 69 , 1962−1968..

Shen, Q.; Chen, T.; Li, X.; Xia, S.; Yuan, T.; Pang, Y.; Zheng, S. Self-assembled electrode-electrolyte interphase enabling highly reversible Zn metal anode for aqueous zinc batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2024 , 67 , 2266−2276..

Meng, C.; Tan, H.; Liu, H.; Wang, J.-J. Highly stable Zn anodes enabled by molecular channel of zincophilic supermolecules with abundant lone-pair electrons. Sci. China Mater. 2024 , 67 , 1455−1463..

[Xie, K.; Ren, K.; Wang, Q.; Lin, Y.; Ma, F.; Sun, C.; Li, Y.; Zhao, X.; Lai, C. In situ construction of zinc-rich polymeric solid–electrolyte interface for high-performance zinc anode. EScience 2023 , 3 , 100153..

[Hao, S.; Zhang, X.; Pei, Y.; Xiong, H.; Ye, Q.; Xu, F.; Zhou, F. In situ growth of an ultrathin polymer brush layer enables a reversible zinc anode. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng . 2023 , 11 , 17006−17014..

Geng, Y.; Xin, W.; Zhang, L.; Han, Y.; Peng, H.; Yang, M.; Zhang, H.; Xiao, X.; Li, J.; Yan, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Cheng, F. Building electrode/electrolyte interphases in aqueous zinc batteries via self-polymerization of electrolyte additives. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2024 , 12 , nwae397..

Wang, J.; Yu, Y.; Chen, R.; Yang, H.; Zhang, W.; Miao, Y.; Liu, T.; Huang, J.; He, G. Induced anionic functional group orientation-assisted stable electrode-electrolyte interphases for highly reversible zinc anodes. Adv. Sci. 2024 , 11 , e2402821..

Wang, R.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Mei, C.; Wang, W.; Hu, Y.; Wang, G.; Li, C. Topological chitosan framework enables reversible columnar array anodes for high-performance aqueous zinc batteries. Sci. China Mater. 2026 , 69 , 897−907..

Tangthuam, P.; Kao-ian, W.; Sangsawang, J.; Rojviriya, C.; Chirawatkul, P.; Kasemchainan, J.; Mahlendorf, F.; Nguyen, M. T.; Yonezawa, T.; Kheawhom, S. Carboxymethyl cellulose as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase for stable zinc-based anodes in aqueous electrolytes. Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 2023 , 6 , 417−428..

Shi, Z.; Yang, M.; Ren, Y.; Wang, Y.; Guo, J.; Yin, J.; Lai, F.; Zhang, W.; Chen, S.; Alshareef, H. N.; Liu, T. Highly reversible Zn anodes achieved by enhancing ion-transport kinetics and modulating Zn (002) deposition. ACS Nano 2023 , 17 , 21893−21904..

Chen, G.; Kang, Y.; Yang, H.; Zhang, M.; Yang, J.; Lv, Z.; Wu, Q.; Lin, P.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, J. Toward forty thousand-cycle aqueous zinc-iodine battery: simultaneously inhibiting polyiodides shuttle and stabilizing zinc anode through a suspension electrolyte. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023 , 33 , 2300656..

Chen, Q.; Hao, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhang, S. J.; Zuo, P.; Zhao, X.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Anti-swelling microporous membrane for high-capacity and long-life Zn–I 2 batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025 , 64 , e202413703..

Zeng, S.; Ao, Z.; Han, C.; Lin, X.; Chen, S.; Xiao, X.; Yan,L.; Zhang, S.; Lin, Z. Polyethylene oxide binder suppressing polyiodide shuttling via charge-transfer complexation for high-mass-loading aqueous zinc iodine batteries. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 , 700 , 138427..

Wang, K.; Li, H.; Xu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Ge, M.; Wang, H.; Zhang, H.; Lu, Y.; Liu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, Y.; Chen, S. An iodine-chemisorption binder for high-loading and shuttle-free Zn–iodine batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2024 , 14 , 2304110..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

pH-Responsive L-Cysteine-conjugated Polydopamine Nanocarriers for Controlled Release of Emamectin Benzoate against Pieris brassicae

Pyrimidoisoindigo-based Polymers for Ambipolar Charge Transport

Sequence-encoded Conformation Pathways in Viscoelastic Microphase Separation of Multiblock Copolymers

Molecular Segregation and Melt Memory in Dilute Polycaprolactone with Reduced Entanglements

2026-9 Contents