Simultaneous <italic style="font-style: italic">In situ</italic> GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers

Chun-Ming Yang; Xiao-Kang Sun; Yao-Wen Zhang; Yue-Liang Gu; Ya-Ling Sun; Yu Gan; Yi-Wen Li; Guang-Feng Liu; Chun-Xia Hong; Zhong-Xiang Peng; Feng-Gang Bian; Yu-Ying Huang; Zhong-Hua Wu

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2

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Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-09-24

- Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers
- Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷页码：1-10
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
  b.Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
  c.State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
  d.Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  e.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Author bio：
  
  yangcm@sari.ac.cn (C.M.Y.)
  hongcx@sari.ac.cn (C.X.H.)
  zxpeng@ciac.ac.cn (Z.X.P.)
- Funds：
  
  This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0403000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1932118, 52403254 and 12175295), and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project. X-ray scattering data were collected at beamline BL16B1 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). The authors would like to thank the SSRF Experiment Assist System (https://cstr.cn/31124.02.SSRF.LAB) for their assistance. They also sincerely appreciate the support and discussions provided by beamline scientists at the SSRF beamlines BL04U, BL19U2, and BL10U1.;The authors declare no interest conflict.Electronic supplementary information (ESI) is available free of charge in the online version of this article at http://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2.The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-04-09，
  
  录用：2026-07-07，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-24，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08
- Accepted：
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Yang, C. M.; Sun, X. K.; Zhang, Y. W.; Gu, Y. L.; Sun, Y. L.; Gan, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Liu, G. F.; Hong, C. X.; Peng, Z. X.; Bian, F. G.; Huang, Y. Y.; Wu, Z. H. Simultaneous in situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis reveals the multiscale film-formation kinetics of blade-coated organic photovoltaic active layers. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2

Chun-Ming Yang, Xiao-Kang Sun, Yao-Wen Zhang, et al. Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-10. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2.
Yang, C. M.; Sun, X. K.; Zhang, Y. W.; Gu, Y. L.; Sun, Y. L.; Gan, Y.; Li, Y. W.; Liu, G. F.; Hong, C. X.; Peng, Z. X.; Bian, F. G.; Huang, Y. Y.; Wu, Z. H. Simultaneous in situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis reveals the multiscale film-formation kinetics of blade-coated organic photovoltaic active layers. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2 DOI：

Chun-Ming Yang, Xiao-Kang Sun, Yao-Wen Zhang, et al. Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-10. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

The photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells is critically determined by the multiscale morphology of their bulk heterojunction active layers

whose formation is strongly influenced by solution processing conditions. Therefore

understanding the drying kinetics of blade-coated films is essential for rational morphology regulation and scalable device fabrication. In this study

we established a simultaneous

in situ

grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering/grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering/ultraviolet-visible (GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis) platform to monitor in real time the molecular stacking behavior

mesoscale structural evolution

and optical property changes of blade-coated PTB7-Th:PC

BM blend films during film formation. Synchronized measurements correlate lamellar ordering

mesoscale structure development

and optical response on a common temporal axis. The results show that these events occur over closely related stages of solvent evaporation. Furthermore

the effect of shearing speed on film formation was systematically investigated. Among the examined conditions

a shearing speed of 28 mm/s yielded the most favorable combination of molecular o

rdering and phase-separated structures

leading to the best device performance. This study provides a versatile multimodal

in situ

approach for elucidating the film-formation kinetics of solution-processed organic photovoltaic active layers and offers useful guidance for optimizing scalable coating processes.

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Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers

Simultaneous In situ GIWAXS/GISAXS/UV-Vis Reveals the Multiscale Film-formation Kinetics of Blade-coated Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers

DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3807-2

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references