One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO<sub>2</sub>- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

Feng-Yuan Tu; Ming-Feng Wang; Gang Zhong; Hua-Wei Qiao; Bo-Tuo Zheng; Can-Pei Liu; Ming-Feng Chen; Hua-Gui Zhang

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2025-05-14

- One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends
- One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends
- 高分子科学（英文） 2025年43卷页码：1-12
- Affiliations：
  
  College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Author bio：
  
  huagui.zhang@fjnu.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22172028, 21903015, and 22403017) and Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2022J05041). H. Z. acknowledges the Award Program of Fujian Minjiang Scholar Professorship (2018).;Electronic supplementary information (ESI) is available free of charge in the online version of this article at http://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z. DLS data of functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles; SEM images and EDX map of SiO2-Br nanoparticles; UV spectra of the PS-SiO2-PHEMA JNPs; GPC curves of PS/PHEMA mixture and sole PS; FTIR spectra of PMMA, PHEMA, and their blend; SEM image of HF-etched PS/PMMA blend; DSC analysis and digital photos of the SiO2@JNPs compatibilized PS/PMMA blends; estimation of polymer grafting fraction, grafting density, and contour length.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2025-01-31，
  
  修回日期：2025-03-22，
  
  录用日期：2025-03-23，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-10-10，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-05
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Tu, F. Y.; Wang, M. F.; Zhong, G.; Qiao, H. W.; Zheng, B. T.; Liu, C. P.; Chen, M. F.; Zhang, H. G. One-step preparation of brush-type polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) janus nanoparticle to compatibilize PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z

Feng-Yuan Tu, Ming-Feng Wang, Gang Zhong, et al. One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends[J/OL]. Chinese journal of polymer science, 2025, 431-12.
Tu, F. Y.; Wang, M. F.; Zhong, G.; Qiao, H. W.; Zheng, B. T.; Liu, C. P.; Chen, M. F.; Zhang, H. G. One-step preparation of brush-type polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) janus nanoparticle to compatibilize PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z DOI：

Feng-Yuan Tu, Ming-Feng Wang, Gang Zhong, et al. One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends[J/OL]. Chinese journal of polymer science, 2025, 431-12. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z.

摘要

Abstract

Compatibilization is crucial for the blending of immiscible polymers to develop high-performance composites; however

traditional compatibilization by copolymers (pre-made or in-situ generation) suffers from weak interface anchoring

and inorganic particles have gained extensive attention recently owing to their large interfacial desorption energy

while their low affinity to bulk components is a drawback. In this study

an interfacial atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique was employed to grow polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(PHEMA) simultaneously on different hemispheres of Br-functionalized SiO

nanoparticles to stabilize a Pickering emulsion

whereby a brush-type Janus nanoparticle (SiO

@JNP) was developed. The polymer brushes were well-characterized

and the Janus feature was validated by Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of the sole hemisphere grafting of SiO

-PS as a control sample. SiO

@JNP was demonstrated to be an efficient compatibilizer for a PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) immiscible blend

and the droplet-matrix morphology was significantly refined. The mechanical strength and toughness of the blend were synchronously enhanced at a low content SiO

@JNP optimized ~0.9 wt%

with the tensile strength

elongation-at-break and impact strength increased by 17.7%

26.6% and 19.6%

respectively. This enhancement may be attributed to the entanglements between the grafted polymer brushes and individual components that improve the particle-bulk phase affinity and enforce interfacial adhesion.

关键词

Keywords

references

Koning, C.; Van Duin, M.; Pagnoulle, C.; Jerome, R. Strategies for compatibilization of polymer blends. Prog. Polym. Sci. 1998 , 23 , 707−757..

Pernot, H.; Baumert, M.; Court, F.; Leibler, L. Design and properties of co-continuous nanostructured polymers by reactive blending. Nat. Mater. 2002 , 1 , 54−58..

Leibler, L. Nanostructured plastics: Joys of self-assembling. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2005 , 30 , 898−914..

Bahrami, R.; Löbling, T. I.; Gröschel, A. H.; Schmalz, H.; Müller, A. H.; Altstädt, V. The impact of Janus nanoparticles on the compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends under technologically relevant conditions. ACS Nano 2014 , 8 , 10048−10056..

Wang, D.; Feng, L.; Gu, X.; Wang, J.; Zhang, C.; He, A. Synergetic effect of a reactive compatibilizer and organo-montmorillonite on the dispersion of polyamide 6/polydimethylsilicone blend with a high vis cosity ratio. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019 , 58 , 3714−3720..

Iyer, R.; Suin, S.; Shrivastava, N. K.; Maiti, S.; Khatua, B. Compatibilization mechanism of nanoclay in immiscible PS/PMMA blend using unmodified nanoclay. Polym-plast Technol. 2013 , 52 , 514−524..

Mathur, V.; Sharma, K. Evaluation of morphological effect on thermal and mechanical performance of PS/PMMA/CdS nanocomposite systems. Adv Nanopart. 2013 , 2 , 205..

Daitx, T. S.; Jacoby, C. G.; Ferreira, C. I.; Schneider, P. H.; Mauler, R. S. Kaolinite-based Janus nanoparticles as a compatibilizing agent in polymer blends. Appl. Clay Sci. 2019 , 182 , 105291..

Cai, H.; Zheng, B.; Zhu, D.; Wu, Y.; Cardinaels, R.; Moldenaers, P.; Shen, Z.; Sheng, Y.; Zhu, H.; Yu, K. Regulation of dewetting and morphology evolution in spin-coated PS/PMMA blend films via graphene-based Janus nanosheets. Appl. Clay Sci. 2023 , 630 , 157393..

Qiao, H.; Yang, B.; Zheng, B.; Chen, M.; Cardinaels, R.; Moldenaers, P.; Lamnawar, K.; Maazouz, A.; Zhang, H. Janus nanoparticles as efficient interface compatibilizer in blends of polylactide and elastomers: Importance of interfacial relaxation on toughening. J Rheol. 2024 , 68 , 765−783..

Wei, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Sang, Y.; Nie, Z. Copolymer-tethered nanoparticles as compatibilizers of immiscible PS/PMMA blends. Colloid Polym. Sci. 2024 , 302 , 1857−1865..

Guo, B.; Pang, Y.; Cao, X.; Chen, Q.; Zheng, W. A creative approach to prepare structure-tunable multilayered PMMA/PS/PMMA foams. Polymer 2020 , 209 , 123061..

Chiou, K. C.; Chang, F. C. Reactive compatibilization of polyamide-6 (PA 6)/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends by a multifunctional epoxy resin. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. 2000 , 38 , 23−33..

Zhang, C.; Feng, L.; Zhao, J.; Huang, H.; Hoppe, S.; Hu, G. H. Efficiency of graft copolymers at stabilizing co-continuous polymer blends during quiescent annealing. Polymer 2008 , 49 , 3462−3469..

Jubinville, D.; Chang, B. P.; Pin, J. M.; Mohanty, A. K.; Misra, M. Synergistic thermo-oxidative maleation of PA11 as compatibilization strategy for PA6 and PBT blend. Polymer 2019 , 179 , 121594..

Utracki, L. A. Compatibilization of polymer blends. Can J Chem Eng 2002 , 80 , 1008−1016..

DeLeo, C. L.; Velankar, S. S. Morphology and rheology of compatibilized polymer blends: Diblock compatibilizers vs crosslinked reactive compatibilizers. J. Rheol. 2008 , 52 , 1385−1404..

Lyu, S.; Jones, T. D.; Bates, F. S.; Macosko, C. W. Role of block copolymers on suppression of droplet coalescence. Macromolecules 2002 , 35 , 7845−7855..

Gattiglia, E.; Turturro, A.; Lamantia, F.; Valenza, A. Blends of polyamide 6 and bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Effects of interchange reactions on morphology and mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1992 , 46 , 1887−1897..

Montaudo, G.; Puglisi, C.; Samperi, F.; Lamantia, F. P. Synthesis of AB and ABA block copolymers as compatibilizers in nylon 6/polycarbonate blends. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 1996 , 34 , 1283−1290..

Costa, D. A.; Oliveira, C. M. F. Blends of polyamide 6, polycarbonate, and poly (propylene oxide). I. Reactive compatibilization–morphology relationships. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998 , 69 , 857−864..

Costa, D. A.; Oliveira, C. M. F. Blends of polyamide 6, polycarbonate, and poly (propylene oxide). II. Reactive compatibilization–thermal degradation relationships. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001 , 81 , 2556−2562..

Fortelný, I.; Jůza, J. The effects of copolymer compatibilizers on the phase structure evolution in polymer blends―a review. Materials 2021 , 14 , 7786..

Alkhodairi, H.; Kumar, S. K. Fracture toughness of polymer interfaces compatibilized with nanoparticle brushes. Macromolecules 2022 , 5 , 4937−4946..

Yang, X.; Wang, F.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, H.; Liu, Z.; Feng, J. Compatibilization of immiscible polypropylene/poly (methyl methacrylate) blends by silica particles with Janus and random component-selective grafts. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024 , 16 , 19615−19624..

Lattuada, M.; Hatton, T. A. Synthesis, properties and applications of Janus nanoparticles. Nano Today 2011 , 6 , 286−308..

Walther, A.; Muller, A. H. Janus particles: synthesis, self-assembly, physical properties, and applications. Chem. Rev. 2013 , 113 , 5194−5261..

Liang, F.; Liu, B.; Cao, Z.; Yang, Z. Janus colloids toward interfacial engineering. Langmuir 2017 , 34 , 4123−4131..

Genoyer, J.; Soulestin, J.; Demarquette, N. R. Influence of the molar masses on compatibilization mechanism induced by two block copolymers in PMMA/PS blends. J. Rheol. 2018 , 62 , 681−693..

Kirillova, A.; Marschelke, C.; Synytska, A. Hybrid Janus particles: Challenges and opportunities for the design of active functional interfaces and surfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019 , 11 , 9643−9671..

Genoyer, J.; Y ee, M.; Soulestin, J.; Demarquette, N. Compatibilization mechanism induced by organoclay in PMMA/PS blends. J. Rheol. 2017 , 61 , 613−626..

Tan, Y.; Fang, L.; Xiao, J.; Song, Y.; Zheng, Q. Grafting of copolymers onto graphene by miniemulsion polymerization for conductive polymer composites: improved electrical conductivity and compatibility induced by interfacial distribution of graphene. Polym. Chem. 2013 , 4 , 2939−2944..

Franceschini, F.; Tavares, T. d. R.; Dos Santos, J.; Soares, J.; Ferreira, M. L. Comparative study of propylene polymerization using Me 2 Si(RInd) 2 ZrCl 2 /SiO 2 -SMAO/AlR 3 and Me 2 Si(RInd) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO (R= Me, H). Polymer 2007 , 48 , 1940−1953..

He, H.; Liang, F. Engineering Polymer Blends with Controllable Interfacial Locationof Janus Particles as Compatibilizers. Chem. Mater. 2022 , 34 , 3806−3818..

Yang, B.; Fan, T.; Mao, Y.; Chen, J.; Zheng, B.; Sheng, Y.; Zhang, H. Kaolinite-based Janus nanosheets as effective compatibilizer of PLA/PBAT blend. Colloid Surface A 2025 , 707 , 135814..

Yamazaki, S.; Yoshida, K.; Matsumoto, H.; Tokita, M. Low-temperature graphitization of poly (acrylonitrile) densely grafted onto a silica core surface. Polymer 2021 , 225 , 123768..

Ye, Z.; Yu, H.; Zheng, Z.; Hu, B.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, H. Janus nanoshards prepared based on high internal phase emulsion templates for compatibilizing immiscible polymer blends. Macromolecules 2021 , 55 , 338−348..

You, W.; Yu, W. Onset reduction and stabilization of cocontinuous morphology in immiscible polymer blends by snowmanlike Janus nanoparticles. Langmuir 2018 , 34 , 11092−11100..

Qiao, H.; Zheng, B.; Zhong, G.; Li, Z.; Cardinaels, R.; Moldenaers, P.; Lamnawar, K.; Maazouz, A.; Liu, C.; Zhang, H. Understanding the rheology of polymer-polymer interfaces covered with Janus nanoparticles: Polymer blends versus particle sandwiched multilayers. Macromolecules 2023 , 56 , 647−663..

Hu, J.; Hao, X.; Ning, N.; Yu, B.; Tian, M. Reactive Janus particle compatibilizer with adjustable structure and optimal interface location for compatibilization of highly immiscible polymer blends. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023 , 15 , 23963−23970..

Junior, W. S.; Emmler, T.; Abetz, C.; Handge, U. A.; dos Santos, J. E.; Amancio-Filho, S. T.; Abetz, V. Friction spot welding of PMMA with PMMA/silica and PMMA/silica-g-PMMA nanocomposites functionalized via ATRP. Polymer 2014 , 55 , 5146−5159..

Liu, F.; Niu, F.; Peng, N.; Su, Y.; Yang, Y. Synthesis, characterization, and application of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv. 2015 , 5 , 18128−18136..

Kubiak, J. M.; Yan, J.; Pietrasik, J.; Matyjaszewski, K. Toughening PMMA with fillers containing polymer brushes synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymer 2017 , 117 , 48−53..

Wang, K.; Liu, X.; Chen, X.; Yu, D.; Yang, Y.; Liu, P. Electrospun hydrophilic Janus nanocomposites for the rapid onset of therapeutic action of helicid. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018 , 10 , 2859−2867..

Li, T.; Liu, F.; Zhang, S.; Lin, H.; Wang, J.; Tang, C. Y. Janus polyvinylidene fluoride membrane with extremely opposite wetting surfaces via one single-step unidirectional segregation strategy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018 , 10 , 24947−24954..

Chen, J.; Hu, M.; Zhu, W.; Li, Y. Synthesis of well-defined structurally silica-nonlinear polymer core-shell nanoparticles via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011 , 257 , 6654−6660..

gamal El-Shamy, A. Novel in-situ synthesis of nano-silica (SiO 2 ) embedded into polyvinyl alcohol for dye removal: adsorption and photo-degradation under visible light. Polymer 2022 , 242 , 124579..

Li, Y.; Jiang, L. Preparation of graphene oxide-chitosan nanocapsules and their applications as carriers for drug delivery. RSC Adv. 2016 , 6 , 104522−104528..

Metivier, T.; Cassagnau, P. Compatibilization of silicone/fluorosilicone blends by dynamic crosslinking and fumed silica addition. Polymer 2018 , 147 , 20−29 ..

Ye, S.; Cao, Y.; F eng, J.; Wu, P. Temperature-dependent compatibilizing effect of graphene oxide as a compatibilizer for immiscible polymer blends. RSC Adv. 2013 , 3 , 7987−7995..

Han, D.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, F.; Fu, Q. Using POSS–C 60 giant molecules as a novel compatibilizer for PS/PMMA polymer blends. RSC Adv. 2016 , 6 , 18924−18928..

Chen, X.; Zhang, R.; Mao, Y.; Zhong, L.; Lin, P.; Deng, Q.; Zheng, B.; Shen, H.; Feng, Z.; Zhang, H. Development of a toughened and antibacterial poly(lactide acid)(PLA) with preserved strength by elemental sulfur-based bio-renewable dynamically crosslinked elastomers. Chem. Eng. J 2023 , 467 , 143419..

Bazli, L.; Khavandi, A.; Boutorabi, M. A.; Karrabi, M. Correlation between viscoelastic behavior and morphology of nanocomposites based on SR/EPDM blends compatibilized by maleic anhydride. Polymer 2017 , 113 , 156−166..

Niu, D.; Xu, P.; Sun, Z.; Yang, W.; Dong, W.; Ji, Y.; Liu, T.; Du, M.; Lemstra, P. J.; Ma, P. Superior toughened bio-compostable poly(glycolic acid)-based blends with enhanced melt strength via selective interfacial localization of in-situ grafted copolymers. Polymer 2021 , 235 , 124269 ..

Honerkamp, J.; Weese, J. A nonlinear regularization method for the calculation of relaxation spectra. Rheol. Acta 1993 , 32 , 65−73..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Interfacial Engineering of Polymer Blend with Janus Particle as Compatibilizer

Superior Toughened Biodegradable Poly(L-lactic acid)-based Blends with Enhanced Melt Strength and Excellent Low-temperature Toughness via In situ Reaction Compatibilization

Polyurethane-polysiloxane Copolymer Compatibilized SiR/TPU TPV with Comfortable Human Touch Toward Wearable Devices

One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO2- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO2- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3357-z

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

One-step Preparation of Brush-type Polystyrene (PS)-SiO₂- poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Janus Nanoparticle to Compatibilize PS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends