Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science

Hakan Eskizengin; Can Ergun

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3259-0

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Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science

REVIEW | Updated：2024-12-31

- Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science
- Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science
- 高分子科学（英文） 2025年43卷第1期页码：18-39
- Affiliations：
  
  Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Author bio：
  
  eskizengin@ankara.edu.tr
- Funds：
  
  Can Ergun gratefully acknowledges the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for their support through the TÜBİTAK 2211-A National PhD Fellowship Program.;Hakan Eskizengin received his Ph.D. degree from Ankara University in 2024. He has been appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Biology at Ankara University since 2019. His current research interests are focused on animal histology, cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and he has conducted studies in these fields.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3259-0
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2025-01-01，
  
  网络出版日期：2024-12-25，
  
  收稿日期：2024-08-14，
  
  修回日期：2024-10-23，
  
  录用日期：2024-10-27
- Accepted：
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Eskizengin, H.; Ergun, C. Advancements and applications of 4D bioprinting in biomedical science. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2025, 43, 18–39

HAKAN ESKIZENGIN, CAN ERGUN. Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science. [J]. Chinese journal of polymer science, 2025, 43(1): 18-39.
Eskizengin, H.; Ergun, C. Advancements and applications of 4D bioprinting in biomedical science. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2025, 43, 18–39 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3259-0.

HAKAN ESKIZENGIN, CAN ERGUN. Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science. [J]. Chinese journal of polymer science, 2025, 43(1): 18-39. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3259-0.

摘要

4D bioprinting inherits the precision of 3D bioprinting but combines with the capabilities of post-fabrication transformation through smart materials that can change their physical or chemical properties by the introduction of some external triggers such as temperature

electricity

magnetic field

humidity

light

ions

reactive oxygen species

and molecules.

Abstract

The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time

resulting in dynamic

compliant

and functional biological structures. This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering

regenerative medicine

and advanced drug delivery systems. 4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics

via

stimulus

leading to transformation in healthcare

which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects. This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting

which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences. 4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures. Therefore

smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues. However

the problems with this process are biocompatibility

immunogenicity

and scalability

which need to be addressed. Moreover

numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice. Therefore

4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.

关键词

Keywords

Tissue engineeringFour-dimensional bioprintingThree-dimensional bioprintingHydrogelsStimuli sensitive polymers

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