Ingenious Engineering of Phosphorus and Nitrogen-enriched Nickel/Iron Bimetallic Phyllosilicates: Forging Multifunctional Epoxy Composites with Excellent Toughness, Self-lubrication, Wear Resistance and Flame Retardancy

Peng Jin; Ji-Nian Yang; Wei-Long Chen; De-Han Chen; Yu-Xuan Xu; Han-Xing Yang; Bing-Yi Li; Shi-Bin Nie

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3685-7

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Ingenious Engineering of Phosphorus and Nitrogen-enriched Nickel/Iron Bimetallic Phyllosilicates: Forging Multifunctional Epoxy Composites with Excellent Toughness, Self-lubrication, Wear Resistance and Flame Retardancy

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-07-10

- Ingenious Engineering of Phosphorus and Nitrogen-enriched Nickel/Iron Bimetallic Phyllosilicates: Forging Multifunctional Epoxy Composites with Excellent Toughness, Self-lubrication, Wear Resistance and Flame Retardancy
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Issue 8, Pages: 2726-2747(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  b.School of Construction Management, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  c.School of Public Security and Emergency Management, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Hefei 231131, China
- Author bio：
  
  jnyang@aust.edu.cn (J.N.Y.)
  nieshibin88@163.com (S.B.N.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3685-7
  CLC：
- Received：06 February 2026，
  
  Accepted：26 March 2026，
  
  Online First：09 July 2026，
  
  Published：15 August 2026
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Jin, P.; Yang, J. N.; Chen, W. L.; Chen, D. H.; Xu, Y. X.; Yang, H. X.; Li, B. Y.; Nie, S. B. Ingenious engineering of phosphorus and nitrogen-enriched nickel/iron bimetallic phyllosilicates: forging multifunctional epoxy composites with excellent toughness, self-lubrication, wear resistance and flame retardancy. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 2726–2747

Peng Jin, Ji-Nian Yang, Wei-Long Chen, et al. Ingenious Engineering of Phosphorus and Nitrogen-enriched Nickel/Iron Bimetallic Phyllosilicates: Forging Multifunctional Epoxy Composites with Excellent Toughness, Self-lubrication, Wear Resistance and Flame Retardancy[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(8): 2726-2747.
Jin, P.; Yang, J. N.; Chen, W. L.; Chen, D. H.; Xu, Y. X.; Yang, H. X.; Li, B. Y.; Nie, S. B. Ingenious engineering of phosphorus and nitrogen-enriched nickel/iron bimetallic phyllosilicates: forging multifunctional epoxy composites with excellent toughness, self-lubrication, wear resistance and flame retardancy. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 2726–2747 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3685-7.

Peng Jin, Ji-Nian Yang, Wei-Long Chen, et al. Ingenious Engineering of Phosphorus and Nitrogen-enriched Nickel/Iron Bimetallic Phyllosilicates: Forging Multifunctional Epoxy Composites with Excellent Toughness, Self-lubrication, Wear Resistance and Flame Retardancy[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(8): 2726-2747. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3685-7.

摘要

This work ingeniously designed and synthesized rice-like hierarchical PN-NiFePS derived from NiFe-MOF

which integrates

in situ

grown inorganic nanosheets and covalently grafted P/N-containing organic chains

significantly enhancing the comprehensive properties and providing a novel strategy for multifunctional EP composites.

Abstract

Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most promising thermosetting resins used in engineering applications; however

its intrinsic drawbacks of poor abrasion resistance and flame retardancy limit its long-term application in harsh environments. In this study

to improve the comprehensive properties of EP

a prospective four-in-one strategy was proposed to prepare composites by rationally introducing multifunctional nanofillers. First

phosphorus- and nitrogen-enriched nickel/iron bimetallic phyllosilicates (PN-NiFePS) were facilely synthesized and subsequently incorporated into EP to prepare high-performance composites. The results indicate that PN-NiFePS nanoparticles display unique rice-grain-shaped morphologies with rough surfaces

as numerous PN-NiFePS nanosheets were vertically grown on the crystalline surface of the metal-organic framework. The chemically grafted P/N-containing pendant chains enabled well-bonded polymer-filler interfaces and homogeneous dispersion

significantly enhancing the mechanical properties. With the increase filler concentration

the wear rate exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by subsequent increase

reaching a minimum of 1.19×10

-6

/(N·m) by adding 1% PN-NiFePS

which is 72% lower than pure EP. The incorporated PN-NiFePS endowed the composites with improved flame retardancy

leading to a steady increase in the limiting oxygen index and excellent self-extinguishing during combustion. This study provides an ingenious engineering strategy for constructing cross-function-integrated polymer composites su

itable for harsh environments.

关键词

Keywords

references

Zaghloul, M. M. Y.; Zaghloul, M. M. Y.; Fuseini, M. Recent progress in epoxy nanocomposites: corrosion, structural, flame retardancy and applications-a comprehensive review. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2023 , 34 , 3438−3472..

Dong, M.; Zhang, H.; Tzounis, L.; Santagiuliana, G.; Bilotti, E.; Papageorgiou, D. G. Multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by two-dimensional materials: a review. Carbon 2021 , 185 , 57−81..

Ji, Z. J.; Zhang, L.; Xie, G. X.; Xu, W. H.; Guo, D.; Luo, J. B.; Prakash, B. Mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites incorporated with two-dimensional materials. Friction 2020 , 8 , 813−846..

Feng, Y. Y.; Pan, B. L.; Liu, H. Y.; Zhou, Y. X.; Ding, X. F.; Yuan, X. Y. Mechanicaland tribological behavior of graphene oxide supported aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin. J. Polym. Mater. 2024 , 41 , 191−203..

Ravi, P.; Katiyar, J. K.; Kumar, C. S. Physico-tribocorrosion performance of epoxy/MoS 2 nanocomposite coating. Mater. Today Commun. 2025 , 42 , 9..

Ma, X. Y.; Zhu, L. F.; Zou, X.; Kang, X. Investigation of the interface stick-slip friction behavior of clay nanoplatelets by molecular dynamics simulations. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2023 , 679 , 132601..

Zhu, J.; Lan, S.; Zhu, D. Functionalized LDH via intercalation of gluconate anion and surface assembly of ultrafine copper hydroxide for improving mechanical properties and the fire safety of epoxy resin. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2025 , 680 , 161458..

Ma, L.; Gao, J.; Wang, Y.; Ge, H.; Lin, X.; Zhu, Z. Preparation of phosphorus/nitrogen-containing MXene nanohybrids via in situ polymerization and their application in epoxy resins. Prog. Org. Coat. 2025 , 203 , 109163..

Zou, B.; Qiu, S.; Qian, Z.; Wang, J.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, W.; Xing, W. Phosphorus/nitrogen-codoped molybdenum disulfide/cobalt borate nanostructures for flame-retardant and tribological applications. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2021 , 4 , 10495−10504..

Hou, Y.; Hu, Y.; Qiu, S.; Liu, L.; Xing, W.; Hu, W. Bi 2 Se 3 decorated recyclable liquid-exfoliated MoS 2 nanosheets: Towards suppress smoke emission and improve mechanical properties of epoxy resin. J. Hazard. Mater. 2019 , 364 , 720−732..

Yang, W.; Wu, S.; Yang, W.; Yuen, A. C.-Y.; Zhou, Y.; Yeoh, G.; Boyer, C.; Wang, C. H. Nanoparticles of polydopamine for improving mechanical and flame-retardant properties of an epoxy resin. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2020 , 186 , 107828..

McDonald, A.; Scott, B.; Villemure, G. Hydrothermal preparation of nanotubular particles of a 1:1 nickel phyllosilicate. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2009 , 120 , 263−266..

Bian, Z.; Kawi, S. Preparation, characterization and cat alytic application of phyllosilicate: a review. Catal. Today 2020 , 339 , 3−23..

Das, S.; Ashok, J.; Bian, Z.; Dewangan, N.; Wai, M. H.; Du, Y.; Borgna, A.; Hidajat, K.; Kawi, S. Silica-ceria sandwiched Ni core–shell catalyst for low temperature dry reforming of biogas: coke resistance and mechanistic insights. Appl. Phys. B Environ. 2018 , 230 , 220−236..

Zhang, X. Q.; Li, W. C.; He, B.; Yan, D.; Xu, S.; Cao, Y. L.; Lu, A. H. Ultrathin phyllosilicate nanosheets as anode materials with superior rate performance for lithium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018 , 6 , 1397−1402..

Xu, Y.; Dai, G.; Nie, S.; Yang, J.; Liu, S.; Zhang, H.; Dong, X. Nickel-based metal-organic framework-derived whisker-shaped nickel phyllosilicate toward efficiently enhanced mechanical, flammable and tribological properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 2022 , 16 , 1493−1504..

Jin, P.; Yang, J.; Chen, W.; Nie, S.; Wang, Z. One stone three birds: Multifunctional epoxy composites based on rice-granular nickel/iron bimetallic phyllosilicates enable excellent compression, anti-wear and lubricating properties under wet-sliding conditions. Constr. Build. Mater. 2024 , 456 , 139335..

Chen, W.; Yang, J.; Zhang, F.; Liu, J.; Nie, S.; Wang, Z.; Liu, L. Significance of structurally inherited nickel/cobalt bimetallic phyllosilicates for enhancing the mechanical, thermal and dry-sliding properties of epoxy composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 2025 , 472 , 140898..

Jin, P.; Yang, J.; Chen, W.; Nie, S. Synthesis of rice-granular bimetallic nickel/iron phyllosilicates to simultaneously lubricate and strengthen the epoxy-based composites. Polym. Compos. 2025 , 46 , 486−505..

Fukushima, Y.; Tani, M. Synthesis of 2:1 type 3-(methacryloxy) propyl magnesium (nickel) phyllosilicate. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1996 , 69 , 3667−3671..

[Fukushima, Y.; Tani, M. An organic/inorganic hybrid layered polymer: Methacrylate-magnesium (nickel) phyllosilicate. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun . 1995 , 241−242..

Zhang, J.; Li, Z.; Bai, G.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, J.; Wang, W.; Zhou, L.; Yi, J.; Ma, Z. Nickel-iron layered silicate nanomembrane as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolu tion reaction in alkaline media. Fuel 2023 , 332 , 126209..

Burattin, P.; Che, M.; Louis, C. Characterization of the Ni(II) phase formed on silica upon deposition-precipitation. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997 , 101 , 7060−7074..

Ciotonea, C.; Hammi, N.; Dhainaut, J.; Marinova, M.; Ungureanu, A.; El Kadib, A.; Michon, C.; Royer, S. Phyllosilicate-derived nickel-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles for the catalytic hydrogenation of imines, oximes and n-heteroarenes. ChemCatChem 2020 , 12 , 4652−4663..

Yan, T.; Li, N.; Qiao, Z.; Li, W.; Wang, H.; Jing, Z.; Yu, Y.; Jiang, Z. Ultrathin sodium ferric silicate 2D nanosheets: a novel and robust adsorbent for selective removal of cationic dyes in wastewater. J. Alloys Compd. 2019 , 784 , 256−265..

Melo Jr, M. A.; Pires, C. T. G. V. M. T.; Airoldi, C. The influence of the leaving iodine atom on phyllosilicate syntheses and useful application in toxic metal removal with favorable energetic effects. RSC Adv. 2014 , 4 , 41028−41038..

Li, L.; Shao, X.; Zh ao, Z.; Liu, X.; Jiang, L.; Huang, K.; Zhao, S. Synergistic fire hazard effect of a multifunctional flame retardant in building insulation expandable polystyrene through a simple surface-coating method. ACS Omega 2020 , 5 , 799−807..

Liu, H.; Li, P.;Xu, Y. J.; Zhu, P.; Liu, Y. Eco-friendly flame-retardant coatings based on γ-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane for cotton fabrics with improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Sustain. Mater. Techno. 2024 , 39 , e00821..

Luo, Q.; Ding, C. J.; Zhong, C. Z.; Wang, L.; Wang, N. L.; Li, W. D.; Tang, Z. H.; Xu, S. Urchin-like NiCo-based bimetallic hydroxide decorated with DOPO as highly hydrophobic flame retardant for remarkably reducing fire hazard of poly(L-lactic acid). Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2024 , 280 , 136028..

Ramezanzadeh, B.; Haeri, Z.; Ramezanzadeh, M. A facile route of making silica nanoparticles-covered graphene oxide nanohybrids (SiO 2 -GO); fabrication of SiO 2 -GO/epoxy composite coating with superior barrier and corrosion protection performance. Chem. Eng. J. 2016 , 303 , 511−528..

Wang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Jiang, H.; Li, X.; Cheng, Y.; Meng, C. Designed mesoporous hollow sphere architecture metal (Mn, Co, Ni) silicate: A potential electrode material for flexible all solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor. Chem. Eng. J. 2019 , 362 , 818−829..

Bao, Q.; Liu, Y.; He, R.; Wang, Q. The effect of strawberry-like nickel-decorated flame retardant for enhancing the fire safety and smoke suppression of epoxy resin. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2021 , 193 , 109740..

Zhao, Y.; Wang, M.; Liang, N.; Wang, Y.; Li, Z.; Li, X. Polyphosphazene functionalized magnesium hydroxide core-shell architecture fire retardant: toward a fire-safe multifunctional styrene-butadiene-styrene asphalt. Fuel 2024 , 370 , 131822..

Bi, X.; Cheng, X.; Zhang, Z.; Huang, Y.; Pan, Y.-T.; Guan, J.; Ardanuy, M.; Yang, R. A durable coating constructed by metal-organic framework and polyphosphazene for flame retardant cotton fabric with enhanced mechanical properties. Next Mater. 2024 , 3 , 100143..

Wang, H.; Wang, M.; Wang, J. Nickel silicate hydroxide on hierarchically porous carbon derived from rice husks as high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2021 , 46 , 35351−35364..

Wang, M.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Zhang, J. In situ generated iron silicate on porous carbon derived from rice husks for high-performance supercapacitor and full utilization of resource. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2022 , 905 , 115960..

Du, J. J.; Yuan, Y. P.; Sun, J. X.; Peng, F. M.; Jiang, X.; Qiu, L. G.; Xie, A. J.; Shen, Y. H.; Zhu, J. F. New photocatalysts based on MIL-53 metal-organic frameworks for the decolorization of methylene blue dye. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011 , 190 , 945−951..

Chen, X.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, K. Cobalt nanofibers coated with layered nickel silicate coaxial core-shell composites as excellent anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018 , 513 , 788−796..

Coenen, J. W. E. Characterization of the standard nickel/silica catalyst EuroNi-1: III. Investigations of catalyst structure. Appl. Catal. 1991 , 75 , 193−223..

Yuan, Q.; Wang, Z.; Yao, H.; Huang, J.; Zuo, S.; Huang, H. Comparative study of reactive diluents with different molecular structures on the curing properties of epoxy adhesives and the interface bonding properties with mortar. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2023 , 126 , 103473..

Yang, J.; Dong, J.; Li, B.; Chen, W.; Yang, H.; Chen, D.; Nie, S. Harnessing MOF-derived homogeneous hierarchical nickel phyllosilicate for epoxy composites: breaking the dilemma between flame retardancy and mechanical and tribological properties via co-deploying polyphosphazene and DOPO. ENG. Chem. Eng. 2026 , 20 , 41..

Zhu, Y.; Su, L. P.; Deng, J. Y.; Liang, M.; Xu, C. J.; Jiao, Y. P.; Chen, Y. P.; Yao, Z. Y. Impact of GNP content on cure behaviors and diverse properties of epoxy composites modified with graphene nanoplatelets: a comprehensive study. Mater. Today Commun. 2023 , 37 , 107014..

Yang, J.-n.; Li, Z.-y.; Feng, X.-s.; Nie, S.-b. Construction of a binary architecture of flower-like nickel phyllosilicate@zinc sulfide towards the robust, wear-resistant and thermal-stable epoxy nanocomposites. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2023 , 207 , 110224..

Verma, A.; Baurai, K.; Sanjay, M. R.; Siengchin, S. Mechanical, microstructural, and thermal characterization insights of pyrolyzed carbon black from waste tires reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for coating application. Polym. Compos. 2019 , 41 , 338−349..

Qi, Y.; Ye, X.; Huan, X.; Xu, Q.; Ma, S.; Bao, D.; Zhou, G.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Du, H. P/N/S flame retardant based on DOPS-triazine groups for improving the flame retardancy, char formation properties and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. Eur. Polym. J. 2024 , 202 , 112634..

Yang, J.; Feng, X.; Nie, S.; Xu, Y.; Li, Z. Self-sacrificial templating synthesis of flower-like nickel phyllosilicates and its application as high-performance reinforcements in epoxy nanocomposites. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 2022 , 16 , 484−497..

Lei, F.; Zhang, C. T.; Cai, Z. P.; Yang, J. L.; Sun, H. Y.; Sun, D. Z. Epoxy toughening with graphite fluoride: Toward high toughness and strength. Polymer 2018 , 150 , 44−51..

He, Y.; Cui, X.; Liu, Z.; Lan, F.; Sun, J.; Li, H.; Gu, X.; Zhang, S. A new approach to prepare flame retardant epoxy resin with excellent transmittance, mechanical properties, and anti-aging performance by the incorporation of DOPO derivative. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2023 , 218 , 110579..

Yang, J.; Feng, X.; Nie, S.; Dong, J.; Jiang, L.; Xu, Y. Sim ultaneously enhanced friction and wear resistances of epoxy nanocomposites modified by nickel phyllosilicate nanoflowers under wet sliding conditions. Polym. Compos. 2023 , 44 , 3054−3067..

Han, Z. D.; Song, X. N.; Chen, Z. Y.; Pan, Y. T.; Lai, X. J.; Wang, D. Y.; Yang, R. J. Half etching of ZIF-67 towards open hollow nanostructure with boosted absorption ability for toxic smoke and fume in epoxy composites. Sustain. Mater. Techno. 2024 , 41 , e01024..

Wan, Y. J.; Yang, W. H.; Yu, S. H.; Sun, R.; Wong, C. P.; Liao, W. H. Covalent polymer functionalization of graphene for improved dielectric properties and thermal stability of epoxy composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2016 , 122 , 27−35..

Zhang, A. L.; Zhang, J. Z.; Liu, L. A.; Dai, J. F.; Lu, X. Y.; Huo, S. Q.; Hong, M.; Liu, X. H.; Lynch, M.; Zeng, X. S.; Burey, P.; Song, P. A. Engineering phosphorus-containing lignin for epoxy biocomposites with enhanced thermal stability, fire retardancy and mechanical properties. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2023 , 167 , 82−93..

Wang, H.; Liu, Q.; Zhao, X.; Jin, Z. Synthesis of reactive DOPO-based flame retardant and its application in polyurethane elastomers. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2021 , 183 , 109440..

Kim, S. H.; Heo, Y.-J.; Park, M.; Min, B.-G.; Rhee, K. Y.; Park, S.-J. Effect of hydrophilic graphite flake on thermal conductivity and fracture toughness of basalt fibers/epoxy composites. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2018 , 153 , 9−16..

Kim, H.; Abdala, A. A.; Macosko, C. W. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2010 , 43 , 6515−6530..

Liu, N.; Luo, F.; Wu, H.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, J. One-step ionic-liquid-assisted electrochemical synthesis of ionic-liquid-functionalized graphene sheets directly from graphite. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008 , 18 , 1518−1525..

Bazrgari, D.; Moztarzadeh, F.; Sabbagh-Alvani, A. A.; Rasoulianboroujeni, M.; Tahriri, M.; Tayebi, L. Mechanical properties and tribological performance of epoxy/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite. Ceram. Int. 2018 , 44 , 1220−1224..

Gao, C. P.; Guo, G. F.; Zhao, F. Y.; Wang, T. M.; Jim, B.; Wetzel, B.; Zhang, G.; Wang, Q. H. Tribological behaviors of epoxy composites under water lubrication conditions. Tribol. Int. 2016 , 95 , 333−341..

Yang, K.; Niu, Y. P.; Li, Y.; Wang, X. W.; Du, S. M.; Zhang, Y. Z. Preparation of double-core microcapsules and tribological properties of epoxy composites. Tribol. Int. 2023 , 186 , 108597..

Tian, J. W.; Qi, X.; Li, C. G.; Xian, G. J. Friction behaviors and wear mechanisms of multi-filler reinforced epoxy composites under dry and wet conditions: Effects of loads, sliding speeds, temperatures, water lubrication. Tribol. Int. 2023 , 179 , 108148..

Min, C.; Sun, Z.; Li, Q.; Yu, H.; Xu, Z.; Liang, H. Three-dimensional interconnected graphene architecture reinforced epoxy composite with superior mechanical and tribological properties. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2023 , 27 , 2563−2576..

Bajwa, R. S.; Khan, Z.; Bakolas, V.; Braun, W. Water-lubricated Ni-based composite (Ni-Al 2 O 3 , Ni-SiC and Ni-ZrO 2 ) thin film coatings for industrial applications. Acta Metall. Sin.-Engl. 2016 , 29 , 8−16..

Upadhyay, R. K.; Kumar, A. Effect of particl e weight concentration on the lubrication properties of graphene based epoxy composites. Colloid Interfac. Sci. 2019 , 33 , 100206..

Sakka, M. M.; Antar, Z.; Elleuch, K.; Feller, J. F. Tribological response of an epoxy matrix filled with graphite and/or carbon nanotubes. Friction 2017 , 5 , 171−182..

Chen, P.; Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Chu, W. Synergetic effect of fly ash cenospheres and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy resin coatings. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021 , 138 , e50789..

Zhang, G.; Burkhart, T.; Wetzel, B. Tribological behavior of epoxy composites under diesel-lubricated conditions. Wear 2013 , 307 , 174−181..

Yan, L.; Wang, H.; Wang, C.; Sun, L.; Liu, D.; Zhu, Y. Friction and wear properties of aligned carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy composites under water lubricated condition. Wear 2013 , 308 , 105−112..

Sukur, E. F.; Onal, G. Long-term salt-water durability of GNPs reinforced basalt-epoxy multiscale composites for marine applic ations. Tribol. Int. 2021 , 158 , 106910..

Hamzat, A. K.; Adesina, A. Y.; Rasheed, T.; Abdul Samad, M. Assessing the tribological behavior of nanoclay-reinforced epoxy coatings under dry sliding and seawater lubricated conditions. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2022 , 32 , 6905−6914..

Yu, H.; Zheng, W. X.; Zhang, C. X.; Chen, S. B.; Tian, G. K.; Wang, T. M. Dual network co-crosslinked HNBR composites with enhanced tribological properties under water lubrication. Lubricants 2023 , 11 , 534..

Lee, S. J.; Sohn, Y. C.; Kim, C. L. Tribological effects of water-based graphene lubricants on graphene coatings. Materials 2023 , 16 , 197..

Bin Ali, A.; Samad, M. A.; Merah, N. UHMWPE hybrid nanocomposites for improved tribological performance under dry and water-lubricated sliding conditions. Tribol. Lett. 2017 , 65 , 102..

Liu, Y.; Gao, G. Y.; Jiang, D.; Yin, Z. W. Enhancement of underwater tribological properties of hybrid PTFE/ Nomex fabric/epoxy resin multilayer composites by mixed graphite a nd MoS 2 fillers. ACS Omega 2022 , 7 , 27609−27616..

[Yang, J.; Yang, H.; Xu, X.; Xu, Y.; Chen, D.; Chen, W.; Wang, Z.; Nie, S. Hydrangea-inspired multi-scale hybrids: Rational in situ assembly of nickel phyllosilicates on polyphosphazene microspheres to fabricate highly robust, toughened and wear-resistant epoxy composites. Polym. Compos . 2026 , DOI: 10.1002/pc.70849..

Liu, G. J.; Niu, W. M.; Yao, Y. F.; Fan, Y. B.; Zhou, H. W.; Xu, X. J.; Li, H.; Zhu, M. H. Low friction and wear of polycaprolactone/epoxy coatings driven by solid-liquid phase change. Tribol. Int. 2025 , 204 , 110550..

Ren, Z. Y.; Yang, Y.; Lin, Y. X.; Guo, Z. G. Tribological properties of molybdenum disulfide and helical carbon nanotube modified epoxy resin. Materials 2019 , 12 , 903..

Pang, X. L.; Zhang, L. Q.; Yang, H. S.; Gao, K. W.; Volinsky, A. A. Residual stress and surface energy of sputtered TiN films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2015 , 24 , 1185−1191..

Yan, H.; Shi, L.; Zeng, D.; Zhang, L. Tribological properties of a smart Ti 3 C 2 T x -based epoxy coating: Providing an idea to solve the weak tribological properties of traditional smart coatings. Tribol. Int. 2025 , 202 , 110302..

Chen, J. S.; Yang, J.; Chen, B. B.; Liu, S.; Dong, J. Z.; Li, C. S. Large-scale synthesis of NbSe 2 nanosheets and their use as nanofillers for improving the tribological properties of epoxy coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2016 , 305 , 23−28..

Wang, K.; Wang, C.; Zhang, J.; Zou, X.; Rong, F.; Xiang, L.; Song, N.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, Z.; Chen, T.; Yu, Y.; Jiang, J. Boron-nitrogen proton transfer reaction: Further exploration of DOPO-based flame retardants for enhanced flame resistance, mechanical properties, and adhesion in epoxy resins. Prog. Org. Coat. 2025 , 201 , 109093..

Wang, Y.; Han, S.; Hu, X.; Li, W.; Na, B.; Xie, C.; Wang, X. Benefiting from the multiple effects of ferrocene and cyclotriphosphazene bi-based hierarchical layered nanosheets towards improving fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2023 , 264 , 110914..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Construction of Zinc Ion-reinforced Melamine Phosphate Flame Retardant for Synergistic Enhancement of Flame Retardancy and Energy Absorption in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Foams

Transparent UV-cured Phosphorus/Nitrogen Hybrid Coating for Simultaneously Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Surface Hardness of Polycarbonate

Zinc Ferrite as an Eco-friendly Synergist for Decabromodiphenyl Ethane in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene: an Effective Alternative to Antimony Trioxide for Enhanced Flame Retardancy

Dynamic Supramolecular Polymer Networks Constructed by Synergistic Dual Host-Guest Interactions

Ultralong Sodium Alginate-based Room/High-temperature Phosphorescence Materials with Color-tunability and Flexibility

Related Author

Xian-Sheng Hong

Yu-Ying Zheng

Jing Gao

Liang Chen

Liang-Yuan Qi

Su-Hong Li

Yuan Hu

Xin Wang

Related Institution

School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University

College of Material Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University

Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences

School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China

⁰