Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells

Miao-Han Ban; Jin-Lun Wu; Yi-Meng Han; An-Ping Yang; Qi Ding; Fei Xu

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1

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Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells

REVIEW | Updated：2026-04-30

- Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Issue 5, Pages: 1287-1306(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Shaanxi Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xi’an 710072, China
  b.The Northwest Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710061, China
  c.Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Author bio：
  
  jinlunwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (J.L.W.)
  DQ13720446888@126.com (Q.D.)
  feixu@nwpu.edu.cn (F.X.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1
  CLC：
- Received：24 December 2025，
  
  Accepted：01 March 2026，
  
  Online First：16 April 2026，
  
  Published：05 May 2026
- Accepted：
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Ban, M. H.; Wu, J. L.; Han, Y. M.; Yang, A. P.; Ding, Q.; Xu, F. Covalent organic frameworks modified composite proton exchange membranes towards advanced fuel cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1287–1306

Miao-Han Ban, Jin-Lun Wu, Yi-Meng Han, et al. Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1287-1306.
Ban, M. H.; Wu, J. L.; Han, Y. M.; Yang, A. P.; Ding, Q.; Xu, F. Covalent organic frameworks modified composite proton exchange membranes towards advanced fuel cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1287–1306 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1.

Miao-Han Ban, Jin-Lun Wu, Yi-Meng Han, et al. Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Composite Proton Exchange Membranes towards Advanced Fuel Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1287-1306. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3638-1.

摘要

This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of covalent organic framework (COF)-modified proton exchange membrane (PEM) based on Nafion

PEEK

and PBI for low-humidity and high-temperature applications

and clarifies COF-enhanced proton conduction mechanisms

via

water retention and adjustable proton channels.

Abstract

The urgent global demand for clean energy has positioned proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as a pivotal technology owing to their high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Their performance critically relies on the proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Recently

integrating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into conventional proton-conducting polymers has gained increasing

as this strategy is expected to combine the structural advantages of COFs with polymer flexibility to develop advanced PEMs. This review briefly outlines the current types of PEMs and the COF design for proton conducting. Then the fabrication strategies and evaluation methods are introduced. The design of COF-modified Nafion and sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) for low-humidity proton conduction

as well as COF-modified polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high-temperature proton conduction were summarized

with particular emphasis on COFs forming continuous “proton highways” within polymer matrices for enhanced conduction while leveraging molecular sieving to suppress fuel crossover and thus improve cell efficiency and safety. Finally

critical challenges and outlook of COF-modified PEMs are discussed

such as interfacial compatibility

COF agglomeration

and the long-term stability and scalability under harsh conditions

which severely hinder the practical applications. Potential solutions are proposed

including

in situ

growth

hierarchical pore design

and gradient doping

to improve interfacial compatibility while maintaining excellent mechanical properties

as well as the development of intelligent and multifunctional PEMs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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