Amplified Dimensionality Effect from 2D to 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Fluorescent Sensing of Nitroaromatic Explosives

Jia-Long Song; Jun-Xia Ren; Bo Miao; Zheng-Hao Huang; Xiao Lv; Lei Cheng; Run-Lin Huang; Yu-Xuan Huang; Tian Zhong; Yao-Zu Liu; Jing An; Qian-Rong Fang

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3531-3

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Amplified Dimensionality Effect from 2D to 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Fluorescent Sensing of Nitroaromatic Explosives

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-04-30

- Amplified Dimensionality Effect from 2D to 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Fluorescent Sensing of Nitroaromatic Explosives
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Issue 5, Pages: 1373-1380(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, China
  b.State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
  c.Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Author bio：
  
  yaozuliu@jlu.edu.cn (Y.Z.L.)
  anjing@jluzh.edu.cn (J.A.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3531-3
  CLC：
- Received：28 October 2025，
  
  Accepted：10 January 2026，
  
  Online First：01 April 2026，
  
  Published：05 May 2026
- Accepted：
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Song, J. L.; Ren, J. X.; Miao, B.; Huang, Z. H.; Lv, X.; Cheng, L.; Huang, R. L.; Huang, Y. X.; Zhong, T.; Liu, Y. Z.; An, J.; Fang, Q. R. Amplified dimensionality effect from 2D to 3D covalent organic frameworks for enhanced fluorescent sensing of nitroaromatic explosives. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1373–1380

Jia-Long Song, Jun-Xia Ren, Bo Miao, et al. Amplified Dimensionality Effect from 2D to 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Fluorescent Sensing of Nitroaromatic Explosives[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1373-1380.
Song, J. L.; Ren, J. X.; Miao, B.; Huang, Z. H.; Lv, X.; Cheng, L.; Huang, R. L.; Huang, Y. X.; Zhong, T.; Liu, Y. Z.; An, J.; Fang, Q. R. Amplified dimensionality effect from 2D to 3D covalent organic frameworks for enhanced fluorescent sensing of nitroaromatic explosives. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 1373–1380 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3531-3.

Jia-Long Song, Jun-Xia Ren, Bo Miao, et al. Amplified Dimensionality Effect from 2D to 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Fluorescent Sensing of Nitroaromatic Explosives[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(5): 1373-1380. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3531-3.

摘要

Dimensionality amplification from 2D to 3D aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) modulates the host-guest microenvironment and facilitates electron-transfer processes

resulting in markedly enhanced fluorescence sensing performance toward trinitrophenol explosives.

Abstract

Efficient detection of nitroaromatic explosives remains a great challenge

and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) incorporating aggregation-induced emission (AIE) units provide a promising platform for high-performance fluorescent sensing. Herein

we designed and synthesize

d both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) AIE-active COFs to systematically investigate how dimensional differences (pore architecture

charge transfer efficiency

and AIE behavior) regulate sensing performance. Through a “4+4” imine condensation strategy

a 2D sql topological COF (TPPDA-TPTPE) was obtained from a planar tetraamine (TPPDA)

whereas a 3D

pts

topological COF (JUC-646) was constructed from a twisted tetraamine (BMTA) with

geometry—using the same TPTPE linker. Both COFs exhibit high crystallinity

stability

and strong AIE-derived luminescence

but show strikingly different sensing performances. In particular

JUC-646 achieves a quenching constant of 6.99×10

L/mol toward 2

6-trinitrophenol (TNP)

nearly five times higher than that of TPPDA-TPTPE. This superior performance originates from the 3D open-channel structure (facilitating analyte diffusion)

enhanced host-guest interactions

and energetically favorable photoinduced electron transfer—all of which are derived from dimensional differences. This comparative study explicitly establishes a structure-function relationship between framework dimensionality and sensing performance

offering direct guidance for the rational design of AIE-active COFs with tailored dimensionality for efficient explosive detection.

关键词

Keywords

references

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