Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Enzyme/Metal-free Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biosensing of Biomarkers

Xiao-Fang Liu; Jia-Hui Lai; Cheng Liu; Pei-Pei Liu; Yin-Xiu Zuo; Huan-Huan Qiu; Rong-Ri Tan; Jing Li; Yu-Kou Du; Jing-Kun Xu; Feng-Xing Jiang

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3513-5

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Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Enzyme/Metal-free Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biosensing of Biomarkers

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-01-30

- Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Enzyme/Metal-free Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biosensing of Biomarkers
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Issue 2, Pages: 371-380(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
  b.College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
  c.Institute of Energy Materials and Nanotechnology, Nanchang Jiaotong Institute, Nanchang 330100, China
- Author bio：
  
  f.x.jiang@jxstnu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3513-5
  CLC：
- Received：14 September 2025，
  
  Accepted：25 November 2025，
  
  Online First：23 January 2026，
  
  Published：05 February 2026
- Accepted：
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Liu, X. F.; Lai, J. H.; Liu, C.; Liu, P. P.; Zuo, Y. X.; Qiu, H. H.; Tan, R. R.; Li, J.; Du, Y. K.; Xu, J. K.; Jiang, F. X. Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors: enzyme/metal-free platform for ultrasensitive multiplexed biosensing of biomarkers. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 371–380

Xiao-Fang Liu, Jia-Hui Lai, Cheng Liu, et al. Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Enzyme/Metal-free Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biosensing of Biomarkers[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(2): 371-380.
Liu, X. F.; Lai, J. H.; Liu, C.; Liu, P. P.; Zuo, Y. X.; Qiu, H. H.; Tan, R. R.; Li, J.; Du, Y. K.; Xu, J. K.; Jiang, F. X. Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors: enzyme/metal-free platform for ultrasensitive multiplexed biosensing of biomarkers. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 371–380 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3513-5.

Xiao-Fang Liu, Jia-Hui Lai, Cheng Liu, et al. Dual-mode All-PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Enzyme/Metal-free Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biosensing of Biomarkers[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(2): 371-380. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3513-5.

摘要

This work presents a dual-mode

enzyme/metal-free all-poly(3

4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) platform. It enables ultrasensitive and selective multiplexed biosensing of biomarkers

offering a novel strategy for wearable precision diagnostics.

Abstract

Glucose

ascorbic acid (AA)

uric acid (UA)

and dopamine (DA) are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases; however

multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity. Here

we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3

4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) plat

form that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring. By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels

via

post-treatment

the device achieves record-high conductivity (about (2312.0±29.9) S·cm

–1

)

maximum transconductance (about (2.82±0.12) mS)

and on/off ratio (about 210.0±7.8)

enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages. The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs

realizing simultaneous detection of glucose

and DA with clinical-level sensitivity: detection limits down to 8 nmol·L

–1

(glucose)

0.5 nmol·L

–1

(AA)

5 nmol·L

–1

(DA)

and 0.5 nmol·L

–1

(UA). Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%. This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.

关键词

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references

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