Erosion-immune Layer-by-layer Deposition Enabled by Interfacial Buffering toward 20.21%-Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Dan Liu; Jin-Yang Yu; Yu-Ang Fu; Ming-Tao Liu; Pei-Pei Zhu; Jia-Nan Fang; Xin Song; Hai-Ming Zhu; Xin-Hui Lu; Hong-Zheng Chen; Xun-Fan Liao; Yi-Wang Chen

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3500-x

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Erosion-immune Layer-by-layer Deposition Enabled by Interfacial Buffering toward 20.21%-Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-03-26

- Erosion-immune Layer-by-layer Deposition Enabled by Interfacial Buffering toward 20.21%-Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
  Enhanced Publication
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 922-936(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
  b.Department of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  c.Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
  d.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
  e.College of Chemistry and Materials, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Author bio：
  
  xfliao@jxnu.edu.cn (X.F.L.)
  ywchen@ncu.edu.cn (Y.W.C.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3500-x
  CLC：
- Received：28 September 2025，
  
  Accepted：13 November 2025，
  
  Online First：15 January 2026，
  
  Published：05 April 2026
- Accepted：
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Liu, D.; Yu, J. Y.; Fu, Y. A.; Liu, M. T.; Zhu, P. P.; Fang, J. N.; Song, X.; Zhu, H. M.; Lu, X. H.; Chen, H. Z.; Liao, X. F.; Chen, Y. W. Erosion-immune layer-by-layer deposition enabled by interfacial buffering toward 20.21%-efficient pseudo-planar heterojunction organic solar cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 922–936

Dan Liu, Jin-Yang Yu, Yu-Ang Fu, et al. Erosion-immune Layer-by-layer Deposition Enabled by Interfacial Buffering toward 20.21%-Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(4): 922-936.
Liu, D.; Yu, J. Y.; Fu, Y. A.; Liu, M. T.; Zhu, P. P.; Fang, J. N.; Song, X.; Zhu, H. M.; Lu, X. H.; Chen, H. Z.; Liao, X. F.; Chen, Y. W. Erosion-immune layer-by-layer deposition enabled by interfacial buffering toward 20.21%-efficient pseudo-planar heterojunction organic solar cells. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 922–936 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3500-x.

Dan Liu, Jin-Yang Yu, Yu-Ang Fu, et al. Erosion-immune Layer-by-layer Deposition Enabled by Interfacial Buffering toward 20.21%-Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(4): 922-936. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3500-x.

摘要

A highly crystalline polymer donor D18 is introduced as a buffer layer to mitigate solvent-induced erosion and swelling

thereby facilitating optimized vertical phase separation. This approach enables efficient PPHJ OSCs by promoting high-purity interfacial phases and ordered molecular packing for enhanced exciton dissociation and charge transport.

Abstract

The pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure obtained

via

layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition offers a promising pathway for efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs); however

solvent-induced swelling and erosion of the donor layer during acceptor deposition often hinder the formation of an ideal vertical phase separation (VPS) morphology. Here

a simple approach for incorporating a highly crystalline polymer as a buffer layer between the donor and acceptor layers is proposed. We investigated the effectiveness of this strategy by constructing three systems: PM6/L8-BO

PM6:D18/L8-BO

and PM6/D18/L8-BO. Compared with the other two systems

when deposited as a separate layer

D18 with low surface energy forms a dense crystalline fibrillar network

effectively suppressing L8-BO over-penetration and mitigating chloroform-induced PM6 erosion. This architecture achieves the most favorable VPS morphology with an improved donor/acceptor gradient distribution and higher phase purity

facilitating charge transport and suppressing recombination. Moreover

the D18 buffer layer can regulate molecular packing

improve active layer crystallinity

and passivate interfacial defects to reduce energy loss. Consequently

the PM6/D18/L8-BO-based device achieved a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.80%. Notably

integrating BTP-eC9 further increased the PCE to 20.21%. This study demonstrates that introducing a highly crystalline polymer as a p-i-n buffer layer can effectively optimize the VPS morphology

enabling high-performance PPHJ OSCs.

关键词

Keywords

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