Unveiling the Structures and Properties of the Interface between Various Fluoroelastomers and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in Polymer-bonded Explosives <italic style="font-style: italic">via</italic> Neutron Reflectivity

Xin-Xi Li; Xiao-Ling Xiong; Kun Song; Jia-Hui Liu; Liang-Fei Bai; Jun Chen; Jie Chen; Xiao-Qing Tu; Yue Yin; Dong Liu

doi:10.1007/s10118-025-3368-9

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Unveiling the Structures and Properties of the Interface between Various Fluoroelastomers and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in Polymer-bonded Explosives via Neutron Reflectivity

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2025-08-25

- Unveiling the Structures and Properties of the Interface between Various Fluoroelastomers and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in Polymer-bonded Explosives via Neutron Reflectivity
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 43, Issue 9, Pages: 1651-1660(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621999, China
  b.Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
  c.Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100094, China
- Author bio：
  
  dongliu10@mail.ustc.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3368-9
  CLC：
- Received：06 March 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-04-26，
  
  Accepted：12 May 2025，
  
  Online First：30 June 2025，
  
  Published：05 September 2025
- Accepted：
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Li, X. X.; Xiong, X. L.; Song, K.; Liu, J. H.; Bai, L. F.; Chen, J.; Chen, J.; Tu, X. Q.; Yin, Y.; Liu, D. Unveiling the structures and properties of the interface between various fluoroelastomers and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in polymer-bonded explosives via neutron reflectivity. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2025, 43, 1651–1660

Xin-Xi Li, Xiao-Ling Xiong, Kun Song, et al. Unveiling the Structures and Properties of the Interface between Various Fluoroelastomers and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in Polymer-bonded Explosives via Neutron Reflectivity[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2025, 43(9): 1651-1660. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3368-9.
Li, X. X.; Xiong, X. L.; Song, K.; Liu, J. H.; Bai, L. F.; Chen, J.; Chen, J.; Tu, X. Q.; Yin, Y.; Liu, D. Unveiling the structures and properties of the interface between various fluoroelastomers and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in polymer-bonded explosives via neutron reflectivity. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2025, 43, 1651–1660 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-025-3368-9.

Xin-Xi Li, Xiao-Ling Xiong, Kun Song, et al. Unveiling the Structures and Properties of the Interface between Various Fluoroelastomers and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in Polymer-bonded Explosives via Neutron Reflectivity[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2025, 43(9): 1651-1660. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3368-9. DOI：

摘要

Bilayer films of fluoroelastomers/HMX were designed to mimic the interface in PBXs. Neutron reflectivity unveils the structures and diffusion behavior of the bilayers. F2311 shows better flexibility and elasticity

F2314 is stiffer and more plastic.

Abstract

The current work addresses the challenge of elucidating the performance of fluoroelastomers within the HMX (octahydro-1

7-tetranitro-1

7-tetrazocine) based polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs). To simulate the confined interface in PBXs

bilayer films of F2314/HMX and F2311/HMX were designed. Neutron reflectivity (NR)

nanoindentation

and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) were employed to examine the layer thickness

interface characteristics

diffusion behavior

and surface morphology of the bilayers. NR measurements revealed interface thicknesses of 45 Å and 98 Å for F2314/HMX and F2311/HMX

respectively

indicating deeper penetration of F2311 into the HMX matrix. NR also suggested a denser polymer network with a higher scattering length density (SLD) near the HMX interface for both fluoroelastomers

while the bound layer of F2311 was notably thicker. Nanoindentation cross-checks and confirms the presence of a bound layer

highlighting the differences in stiffness and diffusion ability between the two polymers. The consistency between the NR and nanoindentation results suggests that F2311 demonstrates better flexibility and elasticity

whereas F2314 is stiffer and more plastic. Accordingly

the structures and performances of different fluoroelastomers at the HMX interface are discussed

which can provide valuable insights into the selection of binders for PBX formulations tailored to specific applications.

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⁰

Unveiling the Structures and Properties of the Interface between Various Fluoroelastomers and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in Polymer-bonded Explosives via Neutron Reflectivity

DOI：10.1007/s10118-025-3368-9

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references