

FOLLOWUS
Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
zhangxiaoa1982@163.com
Received:30 December 2019,
Revised:2020-1-21,
Accepted:01 February 2020,
Online First:24 March 2020,
Published:2020-09
Scan QR Code
Zhao, D.; Shan, S. X.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, X. A.; Jiang, S. L.; Lyu, Y. F. Preparation of titanium-silphenylene-siloxane hybrid polymers with high refractive index, transmittance, and thermal stability. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 38, 973–982
Dong Zhao, Shu-Xi Shan, Meng Zhang, et al. Preparation of Titanium-silphenylene-siloxane Hybrid Polymers with High Refractive Index, Transmittance, and Thermal Stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 38(9): 973-982.
Zhao, D.; Shan, S. X.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, X. A.; Jiang, S. L.; Lyu, Y. F. Preparation of titanium-silphenylene-siloxane hybrid polymers with high refractive index, transmittance, and thermal stability. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 38, 973–982 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2398-6.
Dong Zhao, Shu-Xi Shan, Meng Zhang, et al. Preparation of Titanium-silphenylene-siloxane Hybrid Polymers with High Refractive Index, Transmittance, and Thermal Stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 38(9): 973-982. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2398-6.
Vinyl-containing titanium-silphenylene-siloxane oligomers (
O1
O2
O3
and
O4
) with different molar ratios of titanium to silicon were successfully synthesized in high yields by nonhydrolytic sol-gel reaction
and the obtained four oligomers were further crosslinked with methylphenyl hydro-silicone oil (
4
) to form corresponding polymers (
P1
P2
P3
and
P4
) by hydrosilylation reaction. Their structures were characterized with spectroscopic characterization techniques including FTIR
1
H-NMR
and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of titanium element on crosslinking behavior
thermal resistance
refractive index
transparency
thermal aging stability
glass transition temperature
and surface properties of the polymers were studied. Compared with titanium-free polymer
P1
the thermal resistance
refractive index
and thermal aging stability of titanium-silphenylene-siloxane polymers (
P2
P3
and
P4
) were significantly improved. The titanium-silphenylene-siloxane polymers achieved a high refractive index (
n
= 1.580−1.584) and thermostability (
T
5d
>
500 °C). In thermal aging
the polymers exhibited superior performances with high optical transparency (~90% at 450 nm) and exhibited high thermal stability (~84% at 450 nm after thermal aging at 150 °C for 120 h). These data indicate that the polymers have potential application in optical materials such as LED encapsulants.
Rea, M. S. . Human health and well-being: promises for a bright future from solid-state lighting . Proc. SPIE , 2011 . 7954 1 - 12 . .
Heremans, P. L.; Vanlathem, E.; Muccini, M.; Norris, A. W.; Bahadur, M.; Meulenkamp, E. A.; DeGroot, J.; Yoshitake, M. . Novel silicone materials for LED packaging and opto-electronics devices . Proc. SPIE , 2006 . 6192 1 - 8 . .
Chung, P. T.; Chiou, S. H.; Tseng, C. Y.; Chiang, A. S. . Preparation and evaluation of a zirconia/oligosiloxane nanocomposite for LED encapsulation . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2016 . 8 9986 - 9993 . DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02082 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b02082 .
Tsai, C. L.; Liou, G. S. . Highly transparent and flexible polyimide/ZrO 2 nanocomposite optical films with a tunable refractive index and Abbe number . Chem. Commun. , 2015 . 51 13523 - 13526 . DOI: 10.1039/C5CC05301C http://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC05301C .
Tao, P.; Li, Y.; Siegel, R. W.; Schadler, L. S. . Transparent dispensible high-refractive index ZrO 2 /epoxy nanocomposites for LED encapsulation . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 2013 . 130 3785 - 3793 . DOI: 10.1002/app.39652 http://doi.org/10.1002/app.39652 .
Chung, P. T.; Yang, C. T.; Wang, S. H.; Chen, C. W.; Chiang, A. S. T.; Liu, C. Y. . ZrO 2 /epoxy nanocomposite for LED encapsulation . Mater. Chem. Phys. , 2012 . 136 868 - 876 . DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.08.013 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.08.013 .
Ireni, N. G.; Karuppaiah, M.; Narayan, R.; Raju, K. V. S. N.; Basak, P. . TiO 2 /poly(thiourethane-urethane)-urea nanocomposites: anticorrosion materials with NIR-reflectivity and high refractive index . Polymer , 2017 . 119 142 - 151 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.004 .
Tao, P.; Li, Y.; Rungta, A.; Viswanath, A.; Gao, J.; Benicewicz, B. C.; Siegel, R. W.; Schadler, L. S. . TiO 2 nanocomposites with high refractive index and transparency . J. Mater. Chem. , 2011 . 21 18623 - 18629 . DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13093e http://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm13093e .
Su, H. W.; Chen, W. C. . High refractive index polyimide-nanocrystalline-titania hybrid optical materials . J. Mater. Chem. , 2008 . 18 1139 - 1145 . DOI: 10.1039/b717069f http://doi.org/10.1039/b717069f .
Liou, G. S.; Lin, P. H.; Yen, H. J.; Yu, Y. Y.; Tsai, T. W.; Chen, W. C. . Highly flexible and optical transparent 6F-PI/TiO 2 optical hybrid films with tunable refractive index and excellent thermal stability . J. Mater. Chem. , 2010 . 20 531 - 536 . DOI: 10.1039/B916758G http://doi.org/10.1039/B916758G .
Mont, F. W.; Kim, J. K.; Schubert, M. F.; Luo, H.; Schubert, E. F.; Siegel, R. W. . High refractive index nanoparticle-loaded encapsulants for light-emitting diodes . J. Appl. Phys. , 2008 . 103 1 - 6 . .
Cai, B.; Kaino, T.; Sugihara, O. . Sulfonyl-containing polymer and its alumina nanocomposite with high Abbe number and high refractive index . Opt. Mater. Express , 2015 . 5 1210 - 1216 . DOI: 10.1364/OME.5.001210 http://doi.org/10.1364/OME.5.001210 .
Xu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, W.; Cui, Y. . Synthesis of polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels containing the pendant ZnS nanoparticles: approach to higher refractive index optical polymeric nanocomposites . Macromolecules , 2018 . 51 2672 - 2681 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02315 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02315 .
Shadfan, A.; Pawlowski, M.; Wang, Y.; Subramanian, K.; Gabay, I.; Ben-Yakar, A.; Tkaczyk, T. . Design and fabrication of a miniature objective consisting of high refractive index zinc sulfide lenses for laser surgery . Opt. Eng. , 2016 . 55 1 - 8 . .
Loste, J.; Lopez-Cuesta, J. M.; Billon, L.; Garay, H.; Save, M. . Transparent polymer nanocomposites: an overview on their synthesis and advanced properties . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2019 . 89 133 - 158 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.10.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.10.003 .
Zhou, Y.; Tran, N.; Lin, Y. C.; He, Y. Z.; Shi, F. G. . One-component, low-temperature, and fast cure epoxy encapsulant with high refractive index for LED applications . IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. , 2008 . 31 484 - 489 . DOI: 10.1109/TADVP.2008.924233 http://doi.org/10.1109/TADVP.2008.924233 .
Kim, J.-S.; Yang, S. C.; Kwak, S. Y.; Choi, Y.; Paik, K. W.; Bae, B. S. . High performance encapsulant for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by a sol-gel derived hydrogen siloxane hybrid . J. Mater. Chem. , 2012 . 22 7954 - 7960 . DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16907j http://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm16907j .
Zhan, X.; Xing, Q.; Liu, H.; Zhang, J.; Cheng, J.; Lin, X. . A facile method for fabrication of titanium-doped hybrid materials with high refractive index . RSC Adv. , 2014 . 4 13909 - 13918 . DOI: 10.1039/C3RA46359A http://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA46359A .
Reddy, P. M.; Chang, C. J.; Lai, C. F.; Su, M. J.; Tsai, M. H. . Improved organic-inorganic/graphene hybrid composite as encapsulant for white LEDs: role of graphene, titanium(IV) isopropoxide and diphenylsilanediol . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2018 . 165 95 - 105 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.06.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.06.017 .
Kim, Y. H.; Bae, J. Y.; Jin, J.; Bae, B. S. . Sol-gel derived transparent zirconium-phenyl siloxane hybrid for robust high refractive index LED encapsulant . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2014 . 6 3115 - 3121 . DOI: 10.1021/am500315y http://doi.org/10.1021/am500315y .
Nakagawa, Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Higashihara, T.; Ando, S.; Ueda, M. . Synthesis of highly refractive poly(phenylene thioether)s containing a binaphthyl or diphenylfluorene unit . Polym. Chem. , 2012 . 3 2531 - 2536 . DOI: 10.1039/c2py20325a http://doi.org/10.1039/c2py20325a .
Suzuki, Y.; Murakami, K.; Ando, S.; Higashihara, T.; Ueda, M. . Synthesis and characterization of thianthrene-based poly(phenylene sulfide)s with high refractive index over 1.8 . J. Mater. Chem. , 2011 . 21 15727 - 15731 . DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12402a http://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm12402a .
McGrath, J. E.; Rasmussen, L.; Shultz, A. R.; Shobha, H. K.; Sankarapandian, M.; Glass, T.; Long, T. E.; Pasquale, A. J. . Novel carbazole phenoxy-based methacrylates to produce high-refractive index polymers . Polymer , 2006 . 47 4042 - 4057 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.030 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.030 .
Sun, J.; Cheng, J. G.; Zhu, W. Q.; Ren, S. J.; Zhong, H. L.; Zeng, D. L.; Du, J. P.; Xu, E. J.; Liu, Y. C.; Fang, Q. . An X-shaped π -conjugated polymer comprising of fluorene units and anthracene units with high efficiency. Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties . J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. , 2008 . 46 5616 - 5625 . DOI: 10.1002/pola.22883 http://doi.org/10.1002/pola.22883 .
Cai, D.; Neyer, A.; Kuckuk, R.; Heise, H. M. . Raman, mid-infrared, near-infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of PDMS silicone rubber for characterization of polymer optical waveguide materials . J. Mol. Struct. , 2010 . 976 274 - 281 . DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.03.054 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.03.054 .
Kawakita, T.; Oh, H. S.; Moon, J. Y.; Liu, Y.; Imae, I.; Kawakami, Y. . Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of phenylene-disiloxane polymers obtained from catalytic cross-dehydrocoupling polymerization of bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene isomers and water . Polym. Int. , 2001 . 50 1346 - 1351 . DOI: 10.1002/pi.784 http://doi.org/10.1002/pi.784 .
Yang, Z.; Han, S.; Zhang, R.; Feng, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, S. . Effects of silphenylene units on the thermal stability of silicone resins . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2011 . 96 2145 - 2151 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.09.014 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.09.014 .
Cao, X. Y.; Wang, L. L.; Li, B.; Zhang, R. B. . Synthesis and characterization of ladder-like phenylene-bridged polysiloxanes . Polym. Adv. Technol. , 2015 . 8 657 - 661 . .
Ren, J.; Li, Z.; Liu, S.; Xing, Y.; Xie, K. . Silica-titania mixed oxides: Si―O―Ti connectivity, coordination of titanium, and surface acidic properties . Catal. Lett. , 2008 . 124 185 - 194 . DOI: 10.1007/s10562-008-9500-y http://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9500-y .
Chen, X.; Fang, L.; Wang, J.; He, F.; Chen, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Tao, Y.; Sun, J.; Fang, Q. . Intrinsic high refractive index siloxane-sulfide polymer networks having high thermostability and transmittance via thiol-ene cross-linking reaction . Macromolecules , 2018 . 51 7567 - 7573 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01586 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01586 .
Nakajima, Y.; Shimada, S. . Hydrosilylation reaction of olefins: recent advances and perspectives . RSC Adv. , 2015 . 5 20603 - 20616 . DOI: 10.1039/C4RA17281G http://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA17281G .
Speier, J. L.; Webster, J. A.; Barnes, G. H. . The addition of silicon hydrides to olefinic double bonds. Part II. The use of group VIII metal catalysts . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1957 . 79 974 - 979 . DOI: 10.1021/ja01561a054 http://doi.org/10.1021/ja01561a054 .
Karstedt, B. D.; Scotia, N. Y. 1973 , U.S. Pat., 3, 775, 452.
Du, X.; Zhang, Y.; Peng, D.; Huang, Z. . Base-metal-catalyzed regiodivergent alkene hydrosilylations . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2016 . 55 6671 - 6675 . DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601197 http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601197 .
Sunada, Y.; Noda, D.; Soejima, H.; Tsutsumi, H.; Nagashima, H. . Combinatorial approach to the catalytic hydrosilylation of styrene derivatives: catalyst systems composed of organoiron(0) or (II) precursors and isocyanides . Organometallics , 2015 . 34 2896 - 2906 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00201 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00201 .
Mo, Z.; Liu, Y.; Deng, L. . Anchoring of silyl donors on a N-heterocyclic carbene through the cobalt-mediated silylation of benzylic C-H bonds . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2013 . 52 10845 - 10849 . DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304596 http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201304596 .
Chen, C.; Hecht, M. B.; Kavara, A.; Brennessel, W. W.; Mercado, B. Q.; Weix, D. J.; Holland, P. L. . Rapid, regioconvergent, solvent-free alkene hydrosilylation with a cobalt catalyst . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2015 . 137 13244 - 13247 . DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08611 http://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b08611 .
Ibrahim, A. D.; Entsminger, S. W.; Zhu, L.; Fout, A. R. . A highly chemoselective cobalt catalyst for the hydrosilylation of alkenes using tertiary silanes and hydrosiloxanes . ACS Catal. , 2016 . 6 3589 - 3593 . DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01091 http://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b01091 .
Srinivas, V.; Nakajima, Y.; Ando, W.; Sato, K.; Shimada, S. . Bis(acetylacetonato)Ni(II)/NaBHEt 3 -catalyzed hydrosilylation of 1,3-dienes, alkenes and alkynes . J. Oranomet. Chem. , 2016 . 809 57 - 62 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.025 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.025 .
Srinivas, V.; Nakajima, Y.; Ando, W.; Sato, K.; Shimada, S. . (Salicylaldiminato)Ni(II)-catalysts for hydrosilylation of olefins . Catal. Sci. Technol. , 2015 . 5 2081 - 2084 . DOI: 10.1039/C5CY00270B http://doi.org/10.1039/C5CY00270B .
Basso, N. R. D. S.; Greco, P. P.; Carone, C. L. P.; Livotto, P. R.; Simplício, L. M. T.; Rocha, Z. N. D.; Galland, G. B.; Santos, J. H. Z. D. . Reactivity of zirconium and titanium alkoxides bidentade complexes on ethylene polymerization . J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. , 2007 . 267 129 - 136 . DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.11.027 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.11.027 .
Yang, Z.; Feng, L.; Diao, S.; Feng, S.; Zhang, C. . Study on the synthesis and thermal degradation of silicone resin containing silphenylene units . Thermochim. Acta , 2011 . 521 170 - 175 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.020 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.020 .
Andrianov, K. A. Metalorganic polymers , ed. by Bradley, D. C., a division of John Wiley & amp; Sons, London, 1963 , p. 304
Jovanovic, J. D.; Govedarica, M. N.; Dvornic, P. R.; Popovic, I. G. . The thermogravimetric analysis of some polysiloxanes . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 1998 . 61 87 - 93 . DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00135-3 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00135-3 .
Higashihara, T.; Ueda, M . Recent progress in high refractive index polymers . Macromolecules , 2015 . 48 1915 - 1929 . DOI: 10.1021/ma502569r http://doi.org/10.1021/ma502569r .
Lorentz, H. A. . Ueber die beziehung zwischen der fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit des lichtes und der körperdichte . Ann. Phys.-Berlin , 1880 . 245 641 - 665 . DOI: 10.1002/andp.18802450406 http://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18802450406 .
Lorenz, L. V. . Ueber die refractionsconstante . Ann. Phys.-Berlin , 2006 . 247 70 - 103 . .
Macdonald, E. K.; Shaver, M. P. . Intrinsic high refractive index polymers . Polym. Int. , 2015 . 64 6 - 14 . DOI: 10.1002/pi.4821 http://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4821 .
Fang, L. X.; Sun, J.; Chen, X. Y.; Tao Y. Q.; Zhou, J. F.; Wang, C. Y.; Fang, Q. . Phosphorus- and sulfur-containing high-refractive-index polymers with high T g and transparency derived from a bio-based aldehyde . Macromolecules , 2020 . 53 125 - 131 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01770 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01770 .
0
Views
48
Downloads
3
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802046900号