PEDOT: Fundamentals and Its Nanocomposites for Energy Storage

Hong-Wu Chen; Chun Li

doi:10.1007/s10118-020-2373-2

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

PEDOT: Fundamentals and Its Nanocomposites for Energy Storage

REVIEW | Updated：2019-12-24

- PEDOT: Fundamentals and Its Nanocomposites for Energy Storage
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 38, Issue 5, Pages: 435-448(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Author bio：
  
  chunli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-020-2373-2
  CLC：
- Received：25 September 2019，
  
  Revised：2019-11-13，
  
  Accepted：19 November 2019，
  
  Online First：24 December 2019，
  
  Published：2020-05
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Chen, H. W.; Li, C. PEDOT: fundamentals and its nanocomposites for energy storage. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 38, 435–448

Hong-Wu Chen, Chun Li. PEDOT: Fundamentals and Its Nanocomposites for Energy Storage[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 38(5): 435-448.
Chen, H. W.; Li, C. PEDOT: fundamentals and its nanocomposites for energy storage. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 38, 435–448 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-020-2373-2.

Hong-Wu Chen, Chun Li. PEDOT: Fundamentals and Its Nanocomposites for Energy Storage[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 38(5): 435-448. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-020-2373-2.

摘要

Abstract

PEDOT

or poly(3

4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

is among the most successful conducting polymer products because of its stable conductivity

colloidal processability

and rich assembly behavior. Since the very first patents on PEDOT filed in 1988

the material has been widely explored for decades in many applications. In this review

a comprehensive summary on the synthesis

processing and post-treatment of PEDOT will be presented for the sake of the discussion on PEDOT and its nanocomposites for energy storage. Knowing what PEDOT lends itself to the electrode materials is of importance to the rational design of energy storage devices that maximize the real-world performance. Based on these discussions

a roadmap for the development of PEDOT as promising multifunctional electrode component is presented.

关键词

Keywords

references

Letheby, H. . On the production of a blue substance by the electrolysis of sulphate of aniline . J. Chem. Soc. , 1862 . 15 161 - 163 . DOI: 10.1039/JS8621500161 http://doi.org/10.1039/JS8621500161 .

Bhadra, S.; Khastgir, D.; Singha, N. K.; Lee, J. H. . Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 2009 . 34 783 - 810 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.003 .

Geniès, E. M.; Boyle, A.; Lapkowski, M.; Tsintavis, C. . Polyaniline: a historical survey . Synth. Met. , 1990 . 36 139 - 182 . DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(90)90050-U http://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(90)90050-U .

Chiang, C. K.; Fincher, C. R.; Park, Y. W.; Heeger, A. J.; Shirakawa, H.; Louis, E. J.; Gau, S. C.; MacDiarmid, A. G. . Electrical conductivity in doped polyacetylene . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1977 . 39 1098 - 1101 . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1098 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1098 .

Shirakawa, H.; Louis, E. J.; MacDiarmid, A. G.; Chiang, C. K.; Heeger, A. J. . Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH) x . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , 1977 . 578 - 580 . .

Kanazawa, K. K.; Diaz, A. F.; Geiss, R. H.; Gill, W. D.; Kwak, J. F.; Logan, J. A.; Rabolt, J. F.; Street, G. B. . “Organic metals”: polypyrrole, a stable synthetic “metallic” polymer . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , 1979 . 854 - 855 . .

Tourillon, G.; Garnier, F. . New electrochemically generated organic conducting polymers . J. Electroanal. Chem. , 1982 . 135 173 - 178 . DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(82)90015-8 http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(82)90015-8 .

Kudoh, Y.; Akami, K.; Matsuya, Y. . Solid electrolytic capacitor with highly stable conducting polymer as a counter electrode . Synth. Met. , 1999 . 102 973 - 974 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)01012-1 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)01012-1 .

Jonas, F.; Heywang, G.; Schmidtberg, W. 1988 , Germany Pat., DE 38 13 589 A1.

Jonas, F.; Schrader, L. . Conductive modifications of polymers with polypyrroles and polythiophenes . Synth. Met. , 1991 . 41 831 - 836 . DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(91)91506-6 http://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(91)91506-6 .

Elschner, A.; Bruder, F.; Heuer, H. W.; Jonas, F.; Karbach, A.; Kirchmeyer, S.; Thurm, S. . PEDT/PSS for efficient hole-injection in hybrid organic light-emitting diodes . Synth. Met. , 2000 . 111 139 - 143 . .

Liu, Y.; Varahramyan, K.; Cui, T. . Low-voltage all-polymer field-effect transistor fabricated using an inkjet printing technique . Macromol. Rapid. Commun. , 2005 . 26 1955 - 1959 . DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500493 http://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200500493 .

Pei, Q.; Zuccarello, G.; Ahlskogt, M.; Inganäs, O. . Electrochromic and highly stable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) switches between opaque blue-black and transparent sky blue . Polymer , 1994 . 35 1347 - 1351 . DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90332-8 http://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(94)90332-8 .

Jonas, F.; Krafft, W. 1990 , Europe Pat., EP 440 957.

Laforgue, A. . All-textile flexible supercapacitors using electrospun poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers . J. Power Sources , 2011 . 196 559 - 564 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.007 .

Aasmundtveit, K. E.; Samuelsen, E. J.; Pettersson, L. A. A.; Inganäs, O.; Johansson, T.; Feidenhans'l, R. . Structure of thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) . Synth. Met. , 1999 . 101 561 - 564 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00315-4 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00315-4 .

Åsberg, D. P.; Inganäs, O. . PEDOT/PSS hydrogel networks as 3-D enzyme electrodes . Synth. Met. , 2003 . 137 1403 - 1404 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01060-3 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01060-3 .

Snook, G. A.; Kao, P.; Best, A. S. . Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes . J. Power Sources , 2011 . 196 1 - 12 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084 .

Sun, K.; Zhang, S.; Li, P.; Xia, Y.; Zhang, X.; Du, D.; Isikgor, F. H.; Ouyang, J. . Review on application of PEDOTs and PEDOT:PSS in energy conversion and storage devices . J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. , 2015 . 26 4438 - 4462 . DOI: 10.1007/s10854-015-2895-5 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-2895-5 .

Shown, I.; Ganguly, A.; Chen, L. C.; Chen, K. H. . Conducting polymer-based flexible supercapacitor . Energy Sci. Eng. , 2015 . 3 2 - 26 . DOI: 10.1002/ese3.50 http://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.50 .

Meng, Q.; Cai, K.; Chen, Y.; Chen, L. . Research progress on conducting polymer-based supercapacitor electrode materials . Nano Energy , 2017 . 36 268 - 285 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.040 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.040 .

Ratha, S.; Samantara, A. K. Supercapacitor: instrumentation, measurement and performance evaluation techniques . Springer Singapore, 2018 .

Hocker, J.; Wieder, W.; Merten, R.; Witte, J. 1980 , Europe Pat., EP 45905.

Hocker, J.; Wieder, W.; Dhein, R. 1980 , Europe Pat., EP 45908.

Elschner, A.; Kirchmeyer, K.; Lövenich, W.; Merker, U.; Reuter, K. PEDOT: principles and applications of an intrinsically conductive polymer . CRC Press, 2011 .

Feldhues, M.; Kämpf, G.; Litterer, H.; Mecklenburg, T.; Wegener, P. . Polyalkoxythiophenes. Soluble electrically conducting polymers . Synth. Met. , 1989 . 28 C487 - C493 . DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(89)90563-8 http://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(89)90563-8 .

Hagiwara, T.; Yamaura, M.; Sato, K.; Hirasaka, M.; Iwata, K. . Synthesis and properties of poly(3,4-dimethoxythiophene) . Synth. Met. , 1989 . 32 367 - 379 . DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(89)90778-9 http://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(89)90778-9 .

Feldhues, M.; Mecklenburg, T.; Wegener, P.; Kämpf, G. 1987 , Europe Pat., EP 257 573.

Kämpf, G.; Feldhues, M. 1987 , Europe Pat., EP 292 905.

Gogte, V. N.; Shah, L. G.; Tilak, B. D.; Gadekar, K. N.; Sahasrabudhe, M. B. . Synthesis of potential anticancer agents-I, synthesis of substituted thiophenes . Tetrahedron , 1967 . 23 2437 - 2441 . DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(67)80079-6 http://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(67)80079-6 .

Heywang, G.; Jonas F. . Poly(alkylenedioxythiophene)s: new, very stable conducting polymers . Adv. Mater. , 1992 . 4 116 - 118 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.19920040213 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19920040213 .

Heywang, G.; Jonas, F.; Heinze, J.; Dietrich, M. 1988 , Germany Pat., DE 38 43 412.

Skotheim T. A.; Reynolds, J. A. Handbook of conducting polymers , 3 rd Ed., CRC Press, 2007 .

Audebert, P.; Catel, J. M.; Duchenet, V.; Guyard, L.; Hapiot, P.; Le Coustumer, G. . Redox chemistry of thiophene, pyrrole and thiophene-pyrrole-thiophene oligomers . Synth. Met. , 1999 . 101 642 - 645 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00311-7 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00311-7 .

Reuter, K.; Nikanorov, V. A.; Bazhenov, V. M., 2002 , Europe Pat., EP 1 375 560.

de Leeuw, D. M.; Krakman, P. A.; Bongaerts, P. F. G.; Mutsaers, C. M. J.; Klaassen, D. B. M. . Electroplating of conductive polymers for the metallization of insulators . Synth. Met. , 1994 . 26 263 - 273 . .

Winther-Jensen, B.; Breiby, D. W.; West K. . Base inhibited oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with iron(III)tosylate . Synth. Met. , 2005 . 152 1 - 4 . DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.085 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.085 .

Ha, Y. H.; Nikolov, N.; Pollack, S. K.; Mastrangelo, J.; Martin, B. D.; Shashidar, R. . Towards a transparent, highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2004 . 14 615 - 622 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200305059 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200305059 .

Im, S. G.; Kusters, D.; Choi, W.; Baxamusa, S. H.; van de Sanden, M. C. M.; Gleason, K. K. . Conformal coverage of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films with tunable nanoporosity via oxidative chemical vapor deposition . ACS Nano , 2008 . 2 1959 - 1967 . DOI: 10.1021/nn800380e http://doi.org/10.1021/nn800380e .

Corradi, R.; Armes, S. P. . Chemical synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) . Synth. Met. , 1997 . 84 453 - 454 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80828-4 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80828-4 .

Wolf, G. D.; Jonas, F.; Schomaecker, R. 1994 , Europe Pat., EP 707 440.

Jonas, F.; Krafft, W.; Muys, B. . Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): conductive coatings, technical applications and properties . Macromol. Symp. , 1995 . 100 169 - 173 . DOI: 10.1002/masy.19951000128 http://doi.org/10.1002/masy.19951000128 .

Reuter K.; Kirchmeyer, S. 2006 , Europe Pat., EP 1 979 393.

Sakmeche, N.; Aaron, J. J.; Fall, M.; Aeiyach, S.; Jouini, M.; Lacroix, J. C.; Lacaze, P. C. . Anionic micelles; a new aqueous medium for electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films on Pt electrodes . Chem. Commun. , 1996 . 2723 - 2724 . .

Lima, A.; Schottland, P.; Sadki, S.; Chevrot, C. . Electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methanol in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonate . Synth. Met. , 1998 . 93 33 - 41 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)80129-X http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)80129-X .

Jonas, F.; Heywang, G.; Schmidtberg, W.; Heinze, J.; Dietrich, M. 1988 , Europe Pat., EP 339 340.

Lock, J. P.; Im, S. G.; Gleason, K. K. . Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of electrically conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films . Macromolecules , 2006 . 39 5326 - 5329 . DOI: 10.1021/ma060113o http://doi.org/10.1021/ma060113o .

Kim, J. Y.; Kwon, M. H.; Min, Y. K.; Kwon, S.; Ihm, D. W. . Self-assembly and crystalline growth of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofilms . Adv. Mater. , 2007 . 19 3501 - 3506 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.200602163 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602163 .

Wang, X.; Zhang, X.; Sun, L.; Lee, D.; Lee, S.; Wang, M.; Zhao, J.; Shao-Horn, Y.; Dincă, M.; Palacios, T.; Gleason, K. K. . High electrical conductivity and carrier mobility in oCVD PEDOT thin films by engineered crystallization and acid treatment . Sci. Adv. , 2018 . 4 eaat5780 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5780 http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5780 .

Zhang, C.; Higgins, T. M.; Park, S. H.; O'Brien, S. E.; Long, D.; Coleman, J. N.; Nicolosi, V. . Highly flexible and transparent solid-state supercapacitors based on RuO 2 /PEDOT:PSS conductive ultrathin films . Nano Energy , 2016 . 28 495 - 505 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.052 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.052 .

Zhang, M.; Zhou, Q.; Chen, J.; Yu, X.; Huang, L.; Li, Y.; Li, C.; Shi, G. . An ultrahigh-rate electrochemical capacitor based on solution-processed highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films for ac line-filtering . Energy Environ. Sci. , 2016 . 9 2005 - 2010 . DOI: 10.1039/C6EE00615A http://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE00615A .

Worfolk, B. J.; Andrews, S. C.; Park, S.; Reinspach, J.; Liu, N.; Toney, M. F.; Mannsfeld, S. C. B.; Bao, Z. . Ultrahigh electrical conductivity in solution-sheared polymeric transparent films . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 2015 . 112 14138 - 14143 . DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509958112 http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509958112 .

Yoshioka, Y.; Jabbour, G. E. . Desktop inkjet printer as a tool to print conducting polymers . Synth. Met. , 2006 . 11 779 - 783 . .

Cho, S.; Kim, M.; Jang, J. . Screen-printable and flexible RuO 2 nanoparticle-decorated PEDOT:PSS/graphene nanocomposite with enhanced electrical and electrochemical performances for high-capacity supercapacitor . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2015 . 7 10213 - 10227 . DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00657 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b00657 .

Yao, B.; Wang, H.; Zhou, Q.; Wu, M.; Zhang, M.; Li, C.; Shi, G. . Ultrahigh-conductivity polymer hydrogels with arbitrary structures . Adv. Mater. , 2017 . 29 1700974 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700974 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700974 .

Lu, B.; Yuk, H.; Lin, S.; Jian, N.; Qu, K.; Xu, J.; Zhao, X. . Pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels . Nat. Commun. , 2019 . 10 1043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09003-5 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09003-5 .

Feig, V. R.; Tran, H.; Lee, M.; Liu, K.; Huang, Z.; Beker, L.; Mackanic, D. G.; Bao, Z. . An electrochemical gelation method for patterning conductive PEDOT:PSS hydrogels . Adv. Mater. , 2019 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902869 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902869 .

Ma, T.; Zhao, Q.; Wang, J.; Pan, Z.; Chen, J. . A sulfur heterocyclic quinone cathode and a multifunctional binder for a high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion battery . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2016 . 55 6428 - 6432 . DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601119 http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601119 .

Hwang, J.; Tanner, D. B.; Schwendeman, I.; Reynolds, J. R. . Optical properties of nondegenerate ground-state polymers: three dioxythiophene-based conjugated polymers . Phys. Rev. B , 2003 . 67 115205 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.115205 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.67.115205 .

Ouyang, J.; Chu, C. W.; Chen, F. C.; Xu, Q.; Yang, Y. . High-conductivity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) film and its application in polymer optoelectronic devices . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2005 . 15 203 - 208 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200400016 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200400016 .

Jönsson, S. K. M.; Birgerson, J.; Crispin, X.; Greczynski, G.; Osikowicz, W.; van der Gon, A. W. D.; Salaneck, W. R.; Fahlman, M. . The effects of solvents on the morphology and sheet resistance in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT-PSS) films . Synth. Met. , 2003 . 139 1 - 10 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01259-6 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01259-6 .

Kim, W. H.; Makinen, A. J.; Nikolov, N.; Shashidhar, R.; Kim, H.; Kafafi, Z. H. . Molecular organic light-emitting diodes using highly conducting polymers as anodes . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2002 . 80 3844 - 3846 . DOI: 10.1063/1.1480100 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480100 .

Ouyang, J.; Xu, Q.; Chu, C. W.; Yang, Y.; Li, G.; Shinar, J. . On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment . Polymer , 2004 . 45 8443 - 8450 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.001 .

Timpanaro, S.; Kemerink, M.; Touwslager, F. J.; De Kok, M. M.; Schrader, S. . Morphology and conductivity of PEDOT/PSS films studied by scanning tunneling microscopy . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 2004 . 394 339 - 343 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.035 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.035 .

Kim, J. Y.; Jung, J. H.; Lee, D. E.; Joo, J. . Enhancement of electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) by a change of solvents . Synth. Met. , 2002 . 126 311 - 316 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00576-8 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00576-8 .

Crispin, X.; Jakobsson, F. L. E.; Crispin, A.; Grim, P. C. M.; Andersson, P.; Volodin, A.; van Haesendonck, C.; van der Auweraer, M.; Salaneck, W. R.; Berggren, M. . The origin of the high conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) plastic electrodes . Chem. Mater. , 2006 . 18 4354 - 4360 . DOI: 10.1021/cm061032+ http://doi.org/10.1021/cm061032+ .

Nardes, A. M.; Janssen, R. A. J.; Kemerink, M. . A morphological model for the solvent-enhanced conductivity of PEDOT:PSS thin films . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2008 . 18 865 - 871 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200700796 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700796 .

Xia, Y.; Sun, K.; Ouyang, J. . Solution-processed metallic conducting polymer films as transparent electrode of optoelectronic devices . Adv. Mater. , 2012 . 24 2436 - 2440 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104795 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104795 .

Kim, N.; Kee, S.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, B. H.; Kahng, Y. H.; Jo, Y. R.; Kim, B. J.; Lee, K. . Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS nanofibrils induced by solution-processed crystallization . Adv. Mater. , 2014 . 26 2268 - 2272 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304611 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304611 .

MacDiarmid, A. G.; Epstein, A. G. . The concept of secondary doping as applied to polyaniline . Synth. Met. , 1994 . 65 103 - 116 . DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(94)90171-6 http://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)90171-6 .

Ashizawa, S.; Horikawa, R.; Okuzaki, H. . Effects of solvent on carrier transport in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) . Synth. Met. , 2005 . 153 5 - 8 . DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.214 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.214 .

Gueye, M. N.; Carella, A.; Massonnet, N.; Yvenou, E.; Brenet, S.; Faure-Vincent, J.; Pouget, S.; Rieutord, F.; Okuno, H.; Benayad, A.; Demadrille, R.; Simonato, J. P. . Structure and dopant engineering in PEDOT thin films: practical tools for a dramatic conductivity enhancement . Chem. Mater. , 2016 . 28 3462 - 3468 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01035 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01035 .

Menon, R.; Yoon, C. O.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J.; Cao, Y. . Transport in polyaniline near the critical regime of the metal-insulator transition . Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. , 1993 . 48 17685 - 17694 . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17685 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17685 .

Lee, K.; Cho, S.; Park, S. H.; Heeger, A. J.; Lee, C. W.; Lee, S. H. . Metallic transport in polyaniline . Nature , 2006 . 441 65 - 68 . DOI: 10.1038/nature04705 http://doi.org/10.1038/nature04705 .

Bubnova, O.; Khan, Z. U.; Wang, H.; Braun, S.; Evans, D. R.; Fabretto, M.; Hojati-Talemi, P.; Dagnelund, D.; Arlin, J. B.; Geerts, Y. H.; Desbief, S.; Breiby, D. W.; Andreasen, J. W.; Lazzaroni, R.; Chen, W. M.; Zozoulenko, I.; Fahlman, M.; Murphy, P. J.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X. . Semi-metallic polymers . Nat. Mater. , 2013 . 13 190 - 194 . .

Wang, Y.; Zhu, C.; Pfattner, R.; Yan, H.; Jin, L.; Chen, S.; Molina-Lopez, F.; Lissel, F.; Liu, J.; Rabiah, N. I.; Chen, Z.; Chung, J. W.; Linder, C.; Toney, M. F.; Murmann, B.; Bao, Z. . A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer . Sci. Adv. , 2017 . 3 e1602076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602076 http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602076 .

Cho, B.; Park, K. S.; Baek, J.; Oh, H. S.; Koo, Lee Y. E.; Sung, M. M. . Single-crystal poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires with ultrahigh conductivity . Nano Lett. , 2014 . 14 3321 - 3327 . DOI: 10.1021/nl500748y http://doi.org/10.1021/nl500748y .

Kim, Y. H.; Sachse, C.; Machala, M. L.; May, C.; Müller-Meskamp, L.; Leo, K. . Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrode with optimized solvent and thermal post-treatment for ITO-free organic solar cells . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2011 . 21 1076 - 1081 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201002290 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002290 .

Yano, H.; Kudo, K.; Marumo, K.; Okuzaki, H. . Fully soluble self-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with an electrical conductivity greater than 1000 S cm −1 . Sci. Adv. , 2019 . 5 eaav9492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9492 http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav9492 .

Morvant, M. C.; Reynolds, J. R. . In situ conductivity studies of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) . Synth. Met. , 2005 . 153 5 - 8 . DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)80023-4 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)80023-4 .

Gogotsi, Y.; Simon, P. . True performance metrics in electrochemical energy storage . Science , 2011 . 334 917 - 918 . DOI: 10.1126/science.1213003 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213003 .

Volkov, A. V.; Wijeratne, K.; Mitraka, E.; Ail, U.; Zhao, D.; Tybrandt, K.; Andreasen, J. W.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X.; Zozoulenko, I. V. . Understanding the capacitance of PEDOT:PSS . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2017 . 27 1700329 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700329 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201700329 .

Tybrandt, K.; Zozoulenko, I. V.; Berggren, M. . Chemical potential-electric double layer coupling in conjugated polymer-polyelectrolyte blends . Sci. Adv. , 2017 . 3 eaao3569 .

Boota, M.; Gogotsi, Y. . MXene—conducting polymer asymmetric pseudocapacitors . Adv. Energy Mater. , 2019 . 9 1802917 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201802917 http://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802917 .

Li, W.; Zhang, Q.; Zheng, G.; Seh, Z. W.; Yao, H.; Cui, Y. . Understanding the role of different conductive polymers in improving the nanostructured sulfur cathode performance . Nano Lett. , 2013 . 13 5534 - 5540 . DOI: 10.1021/nl403130h http://doi.org/10.1021/nl403130h .

Su, D.; Cortie, M.; Fan, H.; Wang, G. . Prussian blue nanocubes with an open framework structure coated with PEDOT as high-capacity cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries . Adv. Mater. , 2017 . 29 1700587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700587 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700587 .

Yao, Y.; Liu, N.; McDowell, M. T.; Pasta, M.; Cui, Y. . Improving the cycling stability of silicon nanowire anodes with conducting polymer coatings . Energy Environ. Sci. , 2012 . 5 7927 - 7930 . DOI: 10.1039/c2ee21437g http://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21437g .

Mai, L.; Dong, F.; Xu, X.; Luo, Y.; An, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Pan, J.; Yang, J. . Cucumber-like V 2 O 5 /poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) & MnO 2 nanowires with enhanced electrochemical cyclability . Nano Lett. , 2013 . 13 740 - 745 . DOI: 10.1021/nl304434v http://doi.org/10.1021/nl304434v .

Yang, H.; Xu, H.; Li, M.; Zhang, L.; Huang, Y.; Hu, X. . Assembly of NiO/Ni(OH) 2 /PEDOT nanocomposites on contra wires for fiber-shaped flexible asymmetric supercapacitors . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2016 . 8 1774 - 1779 . DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09526 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09526 .

Zhang, G.; Zhao, X. S. . Conducting polymers directly coated on reduced graphene oxide sheets as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes . J. Phys. Chem. C , 2012 . 116 5420 - 5426 . .

Chao, D.; Xia, X.; Liu, J.; Fan, Z.; Ng, C. F.; Lin, J.; Zhang, H.; Shen, Z. X.; Fan, H. J. . A V 2 O 5 /conductive-polymer core/shell nanobelt array on three-dimensional graphite foam: a high-rate, ultrastable, and freestanding cathode for lithium-ion batteries . Adv. Mater. , 2014 . 26 5794 - 5800 . DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400719 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400719 .

Han, J.; Dou, Y.; Zhao, J.; Wei, M.; Evans, D. G.; Duan, X. . Flexible CoAl LDH@PEDOT core/shell nanoplatelet array for high-performance energy storage . Small , 2013 . 9 98 - 106 . DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201336 http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201201336 .

Liu, R.; Lee, S. B. . MnO 2 /poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coaxial nanowires by one-step coelectrodeposition for electrochemical energy storage . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2008 . 130 2942 - 2943 . DOI: 10.1021/ja7112382 http://doi.org/10.1021/ja7112382 .

Liu, R.; Duay, J.; Lee, S. B. . Redox exchange induced MnO 2 nanoparticle enrichment in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires for electrochemical energy storage . ACS Nano , 2010 . 4 4299 - 4307 . DOI: 10.1021/nn1010182 http://doi.org/10.1021/nn1010182 .

Fong, K. D.; Wang, T.; Kim, H.-K.; Kumar, R. V.; Smoukov, S. K. . Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for enhanced supercapacitor electrodes . ACS Energy Lett. , 2017 . 2 2014 - 2020 . DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00466 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00466 .

Zeng, Y.; Han, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Zeng, Y.; Yu, M.; Liu, Y.; Tang, H.; Tong, Y.; Lu, X. . Advanced Ti-doped Fe 2 O 3 @PEDOT core/shell anode for high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors . Adv. Energy Mater. , 2015 . 5 1402176 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201402176 http://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201402176 .

Mulzer, C. R.; Shen, L.; Bisbey, R. P.; McKone, J. R.; Zhang, N.; Abruña, H. D.; Dichtel, W. R. . Superior charge storage and power density of a conducting polymer-modified covalent organic framework . ACS Cent. Sci. , 2016 . 2 667 - 673 . DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00220 http://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00220 .

Anothumakkool, B.; Soni, B.; Bhange, S. N.; Kurungot, S. . Novel scalable synthesis of highly conducting and robust PEDOT paper for a high performance flexible solid supercapacitor . Energy Environ. Sci. , 2015 . 8 1339 - 1347 . DOI: 10.1039/C5EE00142K http://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE00142K .

Liu, A.; Kovacik, P.; Peard, N.; Tian, W.; Goktas, H.; Lau, J.; Dunn, B.; Gleason, K. K. . Monolithic flexible supercapacitors integrated into single sheets of paper and membrane via vapor printing . Adv. Mater. , 2017 . 29 1606091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606091 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606091 .

D’Arcy, J. M.; El-Kady, M. F.; Khine, P. P.; Zhang, L.; Lee, S. H.; Davis, N. R.; Liu, D. S.; Yeung, M. T.; Kim, S. Y.; Turner, C. L.; Lech, A. T.; Hammond, P. T.; Kaner, R. B. . Vapor-phase polymerization of nanofibrillar poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for supercapacitors . ACS Nano , 2014 . 8 1500 - 1510 . DOI: 10.1021/nn405595r http://doi.org/10.1021/nn405595r .

Goodenough, J. B.; Kim, Y. . Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries . Chem. Mater. , 2010 . 22 587 - 603 . DOI: 10.1021/cm901452z http://doi.org/10.1021/cm901452z .

Scrosati, B.; Hassoun, J.; Sun, Y. K. . Lithium-ion batteries a look into the future . Energy Environ. Sci. , 2011 . 4 3287 - 3295 . .

Manthiram, A.; Fu, Y.; Chung, S. H.; Zu, C.; Su, Y. S. . Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries . Chem. Rev. , 2014 . 114 11751 - 11787 . DOI: 10.1021/cr500062v http://doi.org/10.1021/cr500062v .

Xiao, P.; Bu, F.; Yang, G.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, Y. . Integration of graphene, nano sulfur, and conducting polymer into compact, flexible lithium-sulfur battery cathodes with ultrahigh volumetric capacity and superior cycling stability for foldable devices . Adv. Mater. , 2017 . 29 1703324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703324 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703324 .

Zhang, M.; Yu, X.; Ma, H.; Du, W.; Qu, L.; Li, C.; Shi, G. . Robust graphene composite films for multifunctional electrochemical capacitors with an ultrawide range of areal mass loading toward high-rate frequency response and ultrahigh specific capacitance . Energy Environ. Sci. , 2018 . 11 559 - 565 . DOI: 10.1039/C7EE03349D http://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE03349D .

Gund, G. S.; Park, J. H.; Harpalsinh, R.; Kota, M.; Shin, J. H.; Kim, T.; Gogotsi, Y.; Park, H. S. . MXene/polymer hybrid materials for flexible ac-filtering electrochemical capacitors . Joule , 2019 . 3 164 - 176 . DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.017 .

Hou, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Hobson, T.; Liu, J. . Design and synthesis of hierarchical MnO 2 nanospheres/carbon nanotubes/conducting polymer ternary composite for high performance electrochemical electrodes . Nano Lett. , 2010 . 10 2727 - 2733 . DOI: 10.1021/nl101723g http://doi.org/10.1021/nl101723g .

Higgins, T. M.; Park, S. H.; King, P. J.; Zhang, C.; McEvoy, N.; Berner, N. C.; Daly, D.; Shmeliov, A.; Khan, U.; Duesberg, G.; Nicolosi, V.; Coleman, J. N. . A commercial conducting polymer as both binder and conductive additive for silicon nanoparticle-based lithium-ion battery negative electrodes . ACS Nano , 2016 . 10 3702 - 3713 . DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00218 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b00218 .

Yu, Z.; Li, C.; Abbitt, D.; Thomas, J. . Flexible, sandwich-like Ag-nanowire/PEDOT:PSS nanopillar/MnO 2 high performance supercapacitors . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2014 . 2 10923 - 10929 . DOI: 10.1039/C4TA01245C http://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA01245C .

Li, Z.; Ma, G.; Ge, R.; Qin, F.; Dong, X.; Meng, W.; Liu, T.; Tong, J.; Jiang, F.; Zhou, Y.; Li, K.; Min, X.; Huo, K.; Zhou, Y. . Free-standing conducting polymer films for high-performance energy devices . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2016 . 55 979 - 982 . DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509033 http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201509033 .

Miller, J. R.; Outlaw, R. A.; Holloway, B. C. . Graphene double-layer capacitor with ac line-filtering performance . Science , 2010 . 329 1637 - 1639 . DOI: 10.1126/science.1194372 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1194372 .

Wang, C.; Wang, C.; Huang, Z.; Xu, S. . Materials and structures toward soft electronics . Adv. Mater. , 2018 . 30 1801368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801368 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801368 .

Liu, W.; Song, M. S.; Kong, B.; Cui, Y. . Flexible and stretchable energy storage: recent advances and future perspectives . Adv. Mater. , 2017 . 29 1603436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603436 http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603436 .

Blohm, M. L.; Pickett, J. E.; VanDort, P. C. 1991 , US Pat. 5 111 327.

Wustoni, S.; Combe, C.; Ohayon, D.; Akhtar, M. H.; McCulloch, I.; Inal, S. . Membrane-free detection of metal cations with an organic electrochemical transistor . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2019 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201904403 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904403 .

Emanuelsson, R.; Sterby, M.; Strømme, M.; Sjödin, M. . An all-organic proton battery . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2017 . 139 4828 - 4834 . DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00159 http://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b00159 .

Views

128

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Achieving High Energy Density at 200 °C in All-organic Polyimide Dielectrics Enabled by an Ultra-low Loading Multifunctional Porphyrin Crosslinker

A Robust and Soluble Nanopolymer Based on Molecular Grid-based Nanomonomer

Circularly Polarized Luminescence Based on Helical Polymers: Structure-Property Relationships and Regulation Mechanisms

Advances in Polymer-based Circularly Polarized Luminescent Materials

Bioinspired Zinc-doped Nano Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Poly(lactic acid) Composites for Bone Repair

Related Author

Nan Hai

Peng Wu

Kang-Yan Chen

Qiang-Qiang Hai

Hong-Qiang Xia

Jun Zhang

Jie Mao

Quan-you Feng

Related Institution

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University

Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications

Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)

⁰