

FOLLOWUS
a.Lucky Research Institute, China Lucky Group Corporation, Baoding 071054, China
b.Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, and Dutch Polymer Institute(DPI), 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
Xiao-Yan Yang, E-mail hsiaoyen_yang@hotmail.com
Received:19 July 2017,
Accepted:30 August 2017,
Online First:15 January 2018,
Published:05 May 2018
Scan QR Code
Xiao-Yan Yang, Shao-Shuai Liu, Alexander V. Korobko, et al. Changes of the Molecular Mobility of Poly(
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) of poly(
ε
-caprolactone) with different draw ratios showed that the mobility of polymer chains in the amorphous part decreases as the draw ratio increases. The activation energy of the
α
process
which corresponds to the dynamic glass transition
increases upon drawing. The enlarged gap between the activation energies of the
α
process and the
β
process results in a change of continuity at the crossover between the high temperature
a
process and the
α
and
β
processes. At low drawing ratios the
a
process connects with the
β
process
while at the highest drawing ratio in our measurements
the
a
process is continuous with the
α
process. This is consistent with X-ray diffraction results that indicate that upon drawing the polymer chains in the amorphous part align and densify upon drawing. As the draw ratio increases
the
α
relaxation broadens and decreases its intensity
indicating an increasing heterogeneity. We observed slope changes in the
α
traces
when the temperature decreases below that at which
τ
α
≈ 1 s. This may indicate the glass transition from the 'rubbery' state to the non-equilibrium glassy state.
Y. Omid , G. Hamid . Development of a simple model to characterize the complex constrained polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites at the interphase of amorphous/semicrystalline ethylene vinyl acetate and nanosheets . J. Compos. Mater. , 2016 . 51 ( 2 ): 179 - 186 . http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021998316643578 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021998316643578 , .
N. G. Perez-de-Eulate , V. Di Lisio , D. Cangialosi . Glass Transition and Molecular Dynamics in Polystyrene Nanospheres by Fast Scanning Calorimetry . ACS Macro Lett. , 2017 . 6 ( 6 ): 859 - 863 . http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00484 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00484 , .
R. P. Sharma , P. F. Green . Role of "Hard" and "soft" confinement on polymer dynamics at the nanoscale . ACS Macro Lett. , 2017 . 6 ( 9 ): 908 - 914 . DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00374 http://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00374 .
K. H. Lee , H. Y. Kim , M. S. Khil , Y. M. Ra , D. R. Lee . Characterization of nano-structured poly( ε -caprolactone) nonwoven mats via electrospinning . Polymer. , 2003 . 44 ( 4 ): 1287 - 1294 . DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00820-0 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00820-0 .
Z. Chen , L. Cao , L. Wang , H. Zhu , H. Jiang . Effect of fiber structure on the properties of the electrospun hybrid membranes composed of poly( ε- caprolactone) and gelatin . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 2013 . 127 ( 6 ): 4225 - 4232 . DOI: 10.1002/app.38000 http://doi.org/10.1002/app.38000 .
D. A. Bernards , R. B. Bhisitkul , P. Wynn , M. R. Steedman , O. T. Lee , F. Wong , S. Thoongsuwan , T. A. Desai . Ocular Biocompatibility and Structural Integrity of Micro-and Nanostructured Poly(caprolactone) Films . J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Th. , 2013 . 29 ( 2 ): 249 - 257 . DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0152 http://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2012.0152 .
G. F. Shan , W. Yang , M. B. Yang , B. H. Xie , Q. Fu , Y. W. Mai . Investigation on tensile deformation behavior of semi-crystalline polymers . J. Macromol. Sci. B , 2009 . 48 ( 7 ): 799 - 811 . .
H. Li , W. Zhou , Y. Ji , Z. Hong , B. Miao , X. Li , J. Zhang , Z. Qi , X. Wang , L. Li , Z. M. Li . Spatial distribution of crystal orientation in neck propagation:An in-situ microscopic infrared imaging study on polyethylene . Polymer , 2013 . 54 ( 2 ): 972 - 979 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.012 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.012 .
J. X. Li , W. L. Cheung , C. M. Chan . On deformation mechanisms of β -polypropylene 3.Lamella structures after necking and cold drawing . Polymer , 1999 . 40 ( 13 ): 3641 - 3656 . DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00578-3 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00578-3 .
A. Peterlin . Molecular model of drawing polyethylene and polypropylene . J. Mater. Sci. , 1971 . 6 ( 6 ): 490 - 508 . DOI: 10.1007/BF00550305 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00550305 .
N. A. J. M. Van Aerle , A. W. M. Braam . A structural study on solid state drawing of solution-crystallized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene . J. Mater. Sci. , 1988 . 23 ( 12 ): 4429 - 4436 . DOI: 10.1007/BF00551941 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00551941 .
M. A. Mcrae , W. F. Maddams , J. E. Preedy . An infra-red spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction study of cold-drawn high density polyethylene samples . J. Mater. Sci. , 1976 . 11 ( 11 ): 2036 - 2044 . DOI: 10.1007/PL00020329 http://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020329 .
P. J. Flory , D. Y. Yoon . Molecular morphology in semicrystalline polymers . Nature , 1978 . 272 ( 5650 ): 226 - 229 . DOI: 10.1038/272226a0 http://doi.org/10.1038/272226a0 .
Y. Nozue , Y. Shinohara , Y. Ogawa , T. Takamizawa , T. Sakurai , T. Kasahara , N. Yamaguchi , N. Yagi , Y. Amemiya . Deformation behavior of banded spherulite during drawing investigated by simultaneous microbeam SAXS-WAXS and POM measurement . Polymer , 2010 . 51 ( 1 ): 222 - 231 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.031 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.031 .
J. X. Li , W. L. Cheung . On the deformation mechanisms of β -polypropylene:1.Effect of necking on β -phase PP crystals . Polymer , 1998 . 39 ( 26 ): 6935 - 6940 . DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00144-X http://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00144-X .
Y. Zhao , D. Keroack , R. Prudȼhomme . Crystallization under strain and resultant orientation of poly( ε -caprolactone) in miscible blends . Macromolecules , 1999 . 32 ( 4 ): 1218 - 1225 . DOI: 10.1021/ma981416o http://doi.org/10.1021/ma981416o .
M. Pieruccini , T. A. Ezquerra , M. Lanza . Phenomenological model for the confined dynamics in semicrystalline polymers:the multiple α relaxation in cold-crystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) . J. Chem. Phys. , 2007 . 127 ( 10 ): DOI: 10.1063/1.2771166 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2771166 .
Hakme, C. ; Stevenson, I. ; David, L. ; Sixou, B. ; Voice, A. ; Seytre, G. ; Boiteux, G. Molecular mobility in poly(ethylene naphthalene 2, 6 dicarboxylate) (PEN) dielectric films. Proceeding of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics. 2004, Vol. 1, 37-40.
C. Hakme , I. Stevenson , L. David , G. Seytre , G. Boiteux . Effect of orientation and crystallization on dielectric and mechanical relaxations in uniaxially stretched poly(ethylene naphthalene 2, 6 dicarboxylate) (PEN) films . J. Non-Cryst. Solids , 2006 . 352 ( 42-49 ): 4746 - 4752 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.01.126 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.01.126 .
A. Nogales , Z. Denchev , I. Šics , T. A. Ezquerra . Influence of the crystalline structure in the segmental mobility of semicrystalline polymers:poly(ethylene naphthalene-2, 6-dicarboxylate) . Macromoleculs , 2000 . 33 ( 25 ): 9367 - 9375 . DOI: 10.1021/ma001066h http://doi.org/10.1021/ma001066h .
P. Frübing , A. Kremmer , R. Gerhard-Multhaupt , A. Spanoudaki , P. Pissis . Relaxation processes at the glass transition in polyamide 11:from rigidity to viscoelasticity . J. Chem. Phys. , 2006 . 125 ( 21 ): DOI: 10.1063/1.2360266 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2360266 .
Donth, E. The glass transition: relaxation dynamics in liquids and disordered materials, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2001, p. 199.
M. Grimau , E. Laredo , Y. M. Pérez , C. A. Bello . Study of dielectric relaxation modes in poly( ε -caprolactone):molecular weight, water sorption, and merging effects . J. Chem. Phys. , 2001 . 114 ( 15 ): 6417 - 6425 . https://es.scribd.com/doc/181983888/Composites-and-Their-Properties https://es.scribd.com/doc/181983888/Composites-and-Their-Properties , .
Scönhals, A. ; Kremer, F., in "Broadband dielectric spectroscopy" ed. by Kremer, F. ; Scönhals, A., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2003, p. 59.
B. Alcock , N. O. Cabrera , N. M. Barkoula , C. T. Raynolds , L. E. Govaert , T. Peijs . The effect of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of highly oriented polypropylene tapes and all-polypropylene composites . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2007 . 67 ( 10 ): 2061 - 2070 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.11.012 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.11.012 .
Z. Qiu , W. Yang , T. Ikehara , T. Nishi . Miscibility and crystallization behavior of biodegradable blends of two aliphatic polyesters.Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -hydroxyvalerate) and poly( ε -caprolactone) . Polymer , 2005 . 46 ( 25 ): 11814 - 11819 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.058 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.058 .
V. Crescenzi , G. Manzini , G. Calzolari , C. Borri . Thermodynamics of fusion of poly- β -propiolactone and poly- ε -caprolactone.comparative analysis of the melting of aliphatic polylactone and polyester chains . Eur. Polym. J. , 1972 . 8 ( 3 ): 449 - 463 . DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(72)90109-7 http://doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(72)90109-7 .
A. Bello , E. Laredo , M. Grimau . Comparison of analysis of dielectric spectra of PCL in the ε * and the M* formalism . J. Non-Cryst. Solids. , 2007 . 353 ( 47-51 ): 4283 - 4287 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.041 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.041 .
R. S. I. J. Serra , L. E. Ivirico , J. M. M. Dueñas , A. A. Balado , J. L. G. Ribelles , M. S. Sánchez . Segmental dynamics in poly( ε -caprolactone)/poly(L-lactide) copolymer networks . J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys. , 2009 . 47 ( 2 ): 183 - 193 . DOI: 10.1002/polb.v47:2 http://doi.org/10.1002/polb.v47:2 .
H. Lee , K. Paeng , S. F. Swallen , M. D. Ediger . Direct measurement of molecular mobility in actively deformed polymer glasses . Science , 2009 . 323 ( 5911 ): 231 - 234 . DOI: 10.1126/science.1165995 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1165995 .
Suljovrujić, E. Dielectric studies of molecular β -relaxation in low density polyethylene:the influence of drawing and ionizing radiation. Polymer 2002, 43(22), 5969-5978. (Note:the β and γ relaxations in the reference are the α and β relaxations in this paper, respectively)
G. Adam , J. H. Gibbs . On the temperature dependence of cooperative relaxation properties in glass-forming liquids . J. Chem. Phys. , 1965 . 143 ( 1 ): 139 - 146 . .
K. Schröter , R. Unger , S. Reissig , F. Garwe , S. Kahle , M. Beiner , E. Donth . Dielectric spectroscopy in the αβ splitting region of glass transition in poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly( n -butyl methacrylate):different evaluation methods and experimental conditions . Macromolecules , 1998 . 31 ( 25 ): 8966 - 8972 . DOI: 10.1021/ma9713318 http://doi.org/10.1021/ma9713318 .
C. Hansen , F. Stickel , T. Berger , R. Richert , E. W. Fischer . Dynamics of glass-forming liquids.Ⅲ. Comparing the dielectric α -and β -relaxation of 1-propanol and ο-terphenyl . J. Chem. Phys. , 1997 . 107 ( 4 ): 1086 - 1093 . DOI: 10.1063/1.474456 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.474456 .
G. D. Smith , D. Bedrov . Relationship between the α -and β -relaxation processes in amorphous polymers:Insight from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of 1, 4-polybutadiene melts and blends . J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys. , 2007 . 45 ( 6 ): 627 - 643 . DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0488 http://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0488 .
Götze, W. in "Liquid, Freezing and the Glass Transition", ed. by Hansen, J. P. ; Levesque, D. ; Zinn-Justin, J., North-Hollond, Amsterdam, 1991, p. 287.
J. M. Saiter , J. Grenet , E. A. Saiter , L. Delbreilh . Glass Transition temperature and value of the relaxation time at T g in vitreous polymers . Macromol. Symp. , 2007 . 258 ( 1 ): 152 - 161 . DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3900 http://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3900 .
J. X. Li , W. L. Cheung , C. M. Chan . On deformation mechanisms of β -polypropylene 2.changes of lamellar structure caused by tensile load . Polymer , 1999 . 40 ( 8 ): 2089 - 2102 . DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00412-1 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00412-1 .
N. S. Murthy , H. Minor , C. Bednarczyk . Structure of the amorphous phase in oriented polymers . Macromolecules , 1993 . 26 ( 7 ): 1712 - 1721 . DOI: 10.1021/ma00059a034 http://doi.org/10.1021/ma00059a034 .
K. Liedermann . A simple formula for the temperature dependence of the relaxation frequency in glassy systems . Collid. Polym. Sci. , 1996 . 274 ( 1 ): 20 - 26 . DOI: 10.1007/BF00658905 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00658905 .
Kremer F. ; Huwe A. ; Schönhals A. ; Różański S. A., in "Broadband dielectric spectroscopy" ed. by Kremer, F. ; Scönhals, A., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2003, p. 171.
M. Arndt , R. Stannarius , H. Groothues , E. Hempel , F. Kremer . Length Scale of Cooperativity in the Dynamic Glass Transition . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1997 . 79 ( 11 ): 2077 - 2080 . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2077 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2077 .
0
Views
5
Downloads
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802046900号