Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) as-spun fiber (sPP1) and drawn fiber (sPP2) were prepared by melt-spinning and melt-spinning/hot-drawing

respectively. The structure transition of the two fibers induced by annealing at different temperatures and the corresponding mechanical properties were subsequently investigated by the combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and tensile testing. The results indicate that the chain conformation and crystal forms of the two sPP fibers are not obviously changed at low annealing temperature (40C). With increasing the annealing temperature

the trans-planar conformation and mesophase in sPP1 and sPP2 fibers can be completely transformed to helical conformation and crystal form I under tension. Upon removing the tension

a small amount of mesophase and trans-planar conformation will be regained. The mechanical properties of the annealed fibers are manifestly dependent on their initial structure and the annealing temperature.