Radial Distribution of Crystallinity in Aramid Fibers Investigated by Raman Spectroscopy
RESEARCH ARTICLE|Updated:2026-09-10
|
Radial Distribution of Crystallinity in Aramid Fibers Investigated by Raman Spectroscopy
Chinese Journal of Polymer ScienceVol. 44, Pages: 1-7(2026)
Affiliations:
a.State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
b.School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
c.National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Yang, W. G.; Lin, Y.; Sun, H. J.; Su, Z. H. Radial distribution of crystallinity in aramid fibers investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3822-3
Wei-Gen Yang, Yuan Lin, Hao-Jun Sun, et al. Radial Distribution of Crystallinity in Aramid Fibers Investigated by Raman Spectroscopy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-7.
Yang, W. G.; Lin, Y.; Sun, H. J.; Su, Z. H. Radial distribution of crystallinity in aramid fibers investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3822-3DOI:
Wei-Gen Yang, Yuan Lin, Hao-Jun Sun, et al. Radial Distribution of Crystallinity in Aramid Fibers Investigated by Raman Spectroscopy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-7.DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3822-3.
Radial Distribution of Crystallinity in Aramid Fibers Investigated by Raman Spectroscopy
The skin-core morphology and the crystallinity in aramid fibers critically influence their mechanical properties. In this study
Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 49 fibers were embedded in epoxy and cut along the longitudinal direction
and the cross-sections were characterized by using confocal Raman spectroscopy. The degrees of crystallinity in the skin and the core regions were determined quantitatively
and the crystallinity profiles along the radial direction were obtained for both fibers. The results showed that the crystallinity at the fiber surface was relatively low
which increased quickly into the fiber and approached a higher plateau value at the fiber center. The Kevlar 49 exhibited a steeper increase in the skin region than Kevlar 29
and a more uniform distribution in the core region with a higher degree of crystallinity.
关键词
Keywords
references
Machalaba, N. N.; Perepelkin, K. E. Heterocyclic aramide fibers–production principles, properties and application. J. Ind. Text. 2002 , 31 , 189−204..
[Tikhonov, I. V.; Tokarev, A. V.; Shorin, S. V.; Shchetinin, V. M.; Chernykh, T. E.; Bova, V. G. Russian aramid fibres: past − present − future. Fibre Chem . 2013 , 45 , 1−8..
Zhang, W.; Wang, Y.; Sun, G.; Wang, C.; Li, C.; Xiao, C. Super fine para-aramid nanofiber and membrane fabricated by airflow-assisted coaxial spinning. Polymer 2024 , 311 , 127566..
Keten, S.; Xu, Z.; Ihle, B.; Buehler, M. J. Nanoconfinement controls stiffness, strength and mechanical toughness of β-sheet crystals in silk. Nat. Mater. 2010 , 9 , 359−367..
Launey, M. E.; Ritchie, R. O. On the fracture toughness of advanced materials. Adv. Mater. 2009 , 21 , 2103−2110..
Jia, Y.; Wang, H.-L.; Liu, B.; Huang, Y.; Gao, H. Intrinsic-to-extrinsic transition in fracture toughness through structural design: a lesson from nature. Extreme Mech. Lett. 2020 , 37 , 100685..
Ritchie, R. O. Toughening materials: enhancing resistance to fracture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2021 , 379 , 20200437..
[Akato, K.; Bhat, G. Structure and Properties of High-Performance Fibers , 1st ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2017 , pp. 245−266..
Morgan, R. J.; Pruneda, C. O.; Steele, W. J. The relationship between the physical structure and the microscopic deformation and failure processes of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 1983 , 21 , 1757−1783..
Riekel, C.; Cedola, A.; Heidelbach, F.; Wagner, K. Microdiffraction experiments on single polymeric fibers by synchrotron radiation. Macromolecules 1997 , 30 , 1033−1037..
Roth, S.; Burghammer, M.; Janotta, A.; Riekel, C. Rotational disorder in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers by X-ray diffraction with a 100 nm beam. Macromolecules 2003 , 36 , 1585−1593..
Kitagawa, T. Novel fine structures in poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole fibers induced by water vapor, hot water, and non-aqueous coagulation I molecular orientation along the fiber axis and fine structures. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B 2015 , 54 , 1323−1340..
Dobb, M. G.; Johnson, D. J.; Saville, B. P. Supramolecular structure of a high-modulus polyaromatic fiber (Kevlar 49). J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 1977 , 15 , 2201−2211..
Morgan, R. J.; Pruneda, C. O. The characterization of the chemical impurities in Kevlar 49 fibres. Polymer 1987 , 28 , 340−346..
Li, L. S.; Allard, L. F.; Bigelow, W. C. On the morphology of aromatic polyamide fibers (Kevlar, Kevlar-49, and PRD-49). J. Macromol. Sci. Part B 1983 , 22 , 269−290..
Young, R. J.; Lu,D.; Day, R. J.; Knoff, W. F.; Davis, H. A. Relationship between structure and mechanical properties for aramid fibres. J. Mater. Sci. 1992 , 27 , 5431−5440..
Hindeleh, A. M.; Halim, N. A.; Ziq, K. A. Solid-state morphology and mechanical properties of Kevlar 29 fiber. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B 1984 , 23 , 289−309..
Sun, H.; Meng, X.; Luo, C.; Qian, Y.; Men, Y.; Su, Z. Quantifying crystallinity in poly( p -phenylene terephthalamide) by Raman spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2024 , 57 , 7390−7397..
Roenbeck, M. R.; Sandoz-Rosado, E. J.; Cline, J.; Wu, V.; Moy, P.; Afshari, M.; Reichert, D.; Lustig, S. R.; Strawhecker, K. E. Probing the internal structures of Kevlar® fibers and their impacts on mechanical performance. Polymer 2017 , 128 , 200−210..
Roenbeck, M. R.; Cline, J.; Wu, V.; Afshari, M.; Kellner, S.; Martin, P.; Londono, J. D.; Clinger, L. E.; Reichert, D.; Lustig, S. R.; Strawhecker, K. E. Structure–property relationships of aramid fibers via X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. J. Mater. Sci. 2019 , 54 , 6668−6683..
Li, Y.; Hu, Z.; Ma, Y.; Yu, J.; Zhu, J.; Wang, Y. The influences of coagulation bath conditions on para-aramid formation. Hi-Tech Fiber and Application 2015 , 40 , 24−27..
Laramée, A. W.; Lanthier, C.; Pellerin, C. Raman investigation of the processing structure relations in individual poly (ethylene terephthalate) electrospun fibers. Appl. Spectrosc. 2022 , 76 , 51−60..
[Sharma, K.; Braun, O.; Tritsch, S.; Muff, R.; Hufenus, R.; Perret, E. 2D Raman, ATR-FTIR, WAXD, SAXS and DSC data of PET mono- and PET/PA6 bicomponent filaments. Data Brief 2021 , 38 , 107416..
Sun, H.; Jia, T.; Qian, Y.; Chen, Q.; Men, Y.; Su, Z. Quantifying molecular orientation in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers by polarized Raman spectroscopy. Polymer 2025 , 325 , 128310..
Kim, P. K.; Chang, C.; Hsu, S. L. Normal vibrational analysis of a rigid rod polymer: poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). Polymer 1986 , 27 , 34−46..
Gonzalez, G. M.; MacQueen, L. A.; Lind, J. U.; Fitzgibbons, S. A.; Chantre, C. O.; Huggler, I.; Golecki, H. M.; Goss, J. A.; Parker, K. K. Production of synthetic, para-aramid and biopolymer nanofibers by immersion rotary jet-spinning. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2017 , 302 , 1600365..
Bouita, M.; Tinnes, J.-P.; Bourson, P.; Malfois, M.; Ponçot, M. A new Raman spectroscopy-based method for monitoring the crystallinity ratio of poly ethylene terephthalate. J. Raman Spectrosc. 2023 , 54 , 225−232..
Bouita, M.; Tinnes, J. P.; Ponçot, M. Monitoring the thermal behavior of polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate using Raman spectroscopy. J. Raman Spectrosc. 2023 , 54 , 683−690..
Lebeau, C.; Guillou, H.; Tessier, C.; Brisson, J. Electron diffraction and molecular modelling investigation of the crystal structure of poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide) form II. Polymer 2011 , 52 , 4083−4092..
Dobb, M. G.; Robson, R. M. Structural characteristics of aramid fibre variants. J. Mater. Sci. 1990 , 25 , 459−464..
[El-Mashtoly, S. F., Confocal Raman Microscopy , 2nd ed.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019 , pp. 72 − 87..
Chike, K. E.; Myrick, M. L.; Lyon, R. E.; Angel, S. M. Raman and near-infrared studies of an epoxy resin. Appl. Spectrosc. 1993 , 47 , 1631−1635..
Morsch, S.; Liu, Y.; Lyon, S. B.; Gibbon, S. R.; Gabriele, B.; Malanin, M.; Eichhorn, K. J. Examining the early stages of thermal oxidative degradation in epoxy-amine resins. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2020 , 176 , 109147..
Gonzalez, G. M.; Ward, J.; Song, J.; Swana, K.; Fossey, S. A.; Palmer, J. L.; Zhang, F. W.; Lucian, V. M.; Cera, L.; Zimmerman, J. F.; Burpo, F. J.; Parker, K. K. Para-aramid fiber sheets for simultaneous mechanical and thermal protection in extreme environments. Matter 2020 , 3 , 742−758..
Takahashi, T.; Iwamoto, H.; Inoue, K.; Tsujimoto, I. Quiescent and strain-induced crystallization of poly( p -phenylene terephthalamide) from sulfuric acid solution. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 1979 , 17 , 115−122..
[Wang, R. M.; Zheng, S. R.; Zheng, Y. P. Reinforced materials. In Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology , 1st ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2011 , pp. 29−548..
The trial reading is over, you can activate your VIP account to continue reading.
Spatiotemporal Structure Heterogeneity Evolution during Latex Film Formation Investigated by Operando Single-sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry
Iron-based Catalysts Catalyzing Isoprene Polymerization: The Effect of Conjugated Groups in Cyanide-containing Electron Donors
Unidirectional Pre-stretching and Isothermal Annealing Reinforced Poly(butylene carbonate) Sheets at Room Temperature
Enhanced Segment Mobility Promotes Stereocomplex Crystallization in Polymer Blends via Elevated Segmental Miscibility
Enhancing Processability of Phenylethynyl-terminated Imide Oligomers and Properties of Cured Polyimides via ―CF3 Incorporation
Related Author
Xiao-Jie Chen
Ling-Han Shi
Jun Chen
Ling-Xun Qi
Yi-Zhen Yan
Zhong Zeng
Yi-Qun Yang
Zheng-Nan Yang
Related Institution
BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd.
National Key Laboratory of Chemical Explosion Safety, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Glass Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Advanced Functional Polymer Films, University of Science and Technology of China
Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology