Manipulating Hierarchical Aggregation Structure <italic style="font-style: italic">via</italic> Film-forming Kinetics Enables Organic Photovoltaics over 20% Efficiency

Qin-Sheng Li; Hou-Dong Mao; Lin Wen; Li-Fu Zhang; Zhao Qin; Jia-You Zhang; Dou Luo; Li-Cheng Tan; Yi-Wang Chen

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3702-x

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Manipulating Hierarchical Aggregation Structure via Film-forming Kinetics Enables Organic Photovoltaics over 20% Efficiency

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-08-31

- Manipulating Hierarchical Aggregation Structure via Film-forming Kinetics Enables Organic Photovoltaics over 20% Efficiency
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Issue 9, Pages: 2963-2971(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC)/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
  b.Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, China
  c.Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Author bio：
  
  tanlicheng@ncu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3702-x
  CLC：
- Received：08 February 2026，
  
  Accepted：04 April 2026，
  
  Online First：02 July 2026，
  
  Published：05 September 2026
- Accepted：
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Li, Q. S.; Mao, H. D.; Wen, L.; Zhang, L. F.; Qin, Z.; Zhang, J. Y.; Luo, D.; Tan, L. C.; Chen, Y. W. Manipulating hierarchical aggregation structure via film-forming kinetics enables organic photovoltaics over 20% efficiency. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 2963–2971

Qin-Sheng Li, Hou-Dong Mao, Lin Wen, et al. Manipulating Hierarchical Aggregation Structure via Film-forming Kinetics Enables Organic Photovoltaics over 20% Efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(9): 2963-2971. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3702-x.
Li, Q. S.; Mao, H. D.; Wen, L.; Zhang, L. F.; Qin, Z.; Zhang, J. Y.; Luo, D.; Tan, L. C.; Chen, Y. W. Manipulating hierarchical aggregation structure via film-forming kinetics enables organic photovoltaics over 20% efficiency. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2026, 44, 2963–2971 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3702-x.

Qin-Sheng Li, Hou-Dong Mao, Lin Wen, et al. Manipulating Hierarchical Aggregation Structure via Film-forming Kinetics Enables Organic Photovoltaics over 20% Efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44(9): 2963-2971. DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3702-x. DOI：

摘要

The Peclet number was first introduced as a parameter to regulate hierarchical aggregation and vertical crystallization of polymer donors

inducing ordered donor/acceptor interpenetration for controllable heterojunction construction.

Abstract

The non-equilibrium dynamics of solvent evaporation and polymer diffusion induce vertical crystallization differences in the donor film

which pose great challenges to the precise control of the ideal vertical phase morphology in pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this study

the Peclet number (Pe) was first proposed as a predictive parameter to evaluate the correlation between solvent evaporation and the vertical gradient distribution morphology of the active layer during the film-forming process. This further directs the regulation of the hierarchical aggregation structure and vertical crystallization behavior of the polymer donor

thereby inducing ordered donor/acceptor interpenetration and ultimately achieving the construction of active layers with controllable heterojunction architectures. Depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy and

in situ

depth-dependent fluorescence intensity measurements confirmed that Pe is about 1 can induce vertical crystallization differences in various polymer donors to form a PPHJ active layer with an ideal vertical gradient d

istribution morphology. Consequently

the toluene-processed PPHJ device achieved competitive power conversion efficiencies of 20.07%/16.86% (0.04/16.94 cm

)

via

blade coating technology.

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Manipulating Hierarchical Aggregation Structure via Film-forming Kinetics Enables Organic Photovoltaics over 20% Efficiency

DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3702-x

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references