<italic style="font-style: italic">In situ</italic> Loaded Nanoscale Red Phosphorus on Mesoporous Silica for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Toughness of Epoxy Composites

Di Zhang; Meng-Di Shao; Xin Wang; Zhou Gui

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3553-5

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In situ Loaded Nanoscale Red Phosphorus on Mesoporous Silica for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Toughness of Epoxy Composites

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2026-02-09

- In situ Loaded Nanoscale Red Phosphorus on Mesoporous Silica for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Toughness of Epoxy Composites
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Pages: 719-732(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Author bio：
  
  wxcmx@ustc.edu.cn (X.W.)
  zgui@ustc.edu.cn (Z.G.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3553-5
  CLC：
- Received：05 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-29，
  
  Accepted：16 January 2026，
  
  Online First：09 February 2026，
  
  Published：15 March 2026
- Accepted：
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Zhang, D.; Shao, M. D.; Wang, X.; Gui, Z. In situ loaded nanoscale red phosphorus on mesoporous silica for simultaneously improved flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy composites. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3553-5

Di Zhang, Meng-Di Shao, Xin Wang, et al. In situ Loaded Nanoscale Red Phosphorus on Mesoporous Silica for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Toughness of Epoxy Composites[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44719-732.
Zhang, D.; Shao, M. D.; Wang, X.; Gui, Z. In situ loaded nanoscale red phosphorus on mesoporous silica for simultaneously improved flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy composites. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3553-5 DOI：

Di Zhang, Meng-Di Shao, Xin Wang, et al. In situ Loaded Nanoscale Red Phosphorus on Mesoporous Silica for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Toughness of Epoxy Composites[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 44719-732. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3553-5.

摘要

A nanohybrid flame retardant (NRP@MSN) was fabricated by

in situ

loading nanoscale red phosphorus onto me

soporous silica. Incorporated into epoxy

it simultaneously enhanced fire safety (52.8% lower PHRR) and impact toughness (165% higher char yield)

demonstrating a synergistic nano-barrier and char-forming mechanism.

Abstract

Nanoscale red phosphorus (NRP) was synthesized

via

a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability. Epoxy resin (EP) composites containing 2 wt% fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors. Compared with EP

the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety

resulting in a 52.8% reduction in the peak heat release rate

a 13.9% decrease in total smoke production

and a 165% increase in char yield. Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading. The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP. This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.

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In situ Loaded Nanoscale Red Phosphorus on Mesoporous Silica for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Toughness of Epoxy Composites

DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3553-5

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references