

FOLLOWUS
a.Jiangxi Key Lab of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
b.Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
luby@jxstnu.edu.cn (B.Y.L.)
gnie@qust.edu.cn (G.M.N.)
zhangge20082006@126.com (G.Z.)
Received:12 April 2024,
Revised:2024-05-08,
Accepted:23 May 2024,
Online First:20 August 2024,
Published:30 November 2024
Scan QR Code
Du, C. H.; Xu, Y. H.; Li, H.; Wu, Z. X.; Yang, H. J.; Liu, X. M.; Lu, B. Y.; Nie, G. M.; Zhang, G. Tough hydrogen bonding crosslinked poly(3-fluorothiophene) network via electrosynthesis for high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2024, 42, 1749–1757
Chun-Hui Du, Yu-Hua Xu, Hui Li, et al. Tough Hydrogen Bonding Crosslinked Poly(3-fluorothiophene) Network
Du, C. H.; Xu, Y. H.; Li, H.; Wu, Z. X.; Yang, H. J.; Liu, X. M.; Lu, B. Y.; Nie, G. M.; Zhang, G. Tough hydrogen bonding crosslinked poly(3-fluorothiophene) network via electrosynthesis for high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2024, 42, 1749–1757 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-024-3175-8.
Chun-Hui Du, Yu-Hua Xu, Hui Li, et al. Tough Hydrogen Bonding Crosslinked Poly(3-fluorothiophene) Network
A high-performance EC-SC material
PFT
with tough hydrogen bonding cross-linked intermolecular polymer network by one-step electrosynthesis is prepared.
PFT
-based FESDs can be used to visually monitor the energy storage state in real-time and maintain outstanding stability under mechanical distortion like bending.
As a type of bi-functional device
electrochromic supercapacitors (EC-SCs) have attracted extensive attention in diverse applications such as flexible electronics. However
despite recent encouraging progress
rational design and development of high-performance EC-SC materials with desirable stability remain challenging for practical applications. Here
we propose a fluorination strategy to develop high-performance EC-SC materials w
ith tough hydrogen bonding cross-linked intermolecular polymer network by one-step electrosynthesis of 3-fluorothiophene. The electrosynthesized free-standing poly(3-fluorothiophene) (PFT
)
films simultaneously achieve high electrochromic performance (optical contrast 42% at 560 nm with reversible color changes between purple and blue)
and good capacitance property (290 F·g
−1
1 A·g
−1
)
as well as outstanding cyclic stability (
<
2% reduction after 20000 cycles). We further demonstrate the fabrication of PFT-based flexible electrochromic supercapacitor devices (FESDs)
and the resultant devices can be used to visually monitor the energy storage state in real-time and maintain outstanding stability under mechanical distortion like bending. Such a tough fluorination hydrogen bonding cross-linking strategy may provide a new design concept for high-performance EC-SC materials and reliable FESDs toward practical applications.
Lukatskaya, M. R.; Dunn, B.; Gogotsi, Y. Multidimensional materials and device architectures for future hybrid energy storage. Nat. Commun. 2016 , 7 , 12647..
Keum, K.; Kim, J.; Hong, S.; Son, J.; Lee, S.; Ha, J. F lexible/stretchable supercapacitors with novel functionality for wearable electronics. Adv. Mater. 2020 , 32 , 2002180..
Wang, T.; Chen, H. C.; Yu, F.; Zhao, X. S.; Wang, H. X. Boosting the cycling stability of transition metal compounds-based supercapacitors. Energy Storage Mater. 2019 , 16 , 545−573..
Chen, Q.; Jin, J. L.; Song, M. D.; Zhang, X. Y.; Li, H.; Zhang, J. L.; Hou, G. Y.; Tang, Y. P.; Mai, L. Q.; Zhou, L. High-energy aqueous ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 2022 , 34 , 2107992..
Xiong, Z. Y.; Guo, P. J.; Yang, Y. S.; Yuan, S. Y.; Shang, N. Z.; Wang, C.; Zhang, Y. F.; Wang, H.; Gao, Y. J. A high-performance dual-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrid device based on LiCl in ion liquid dual-salt electrolyte. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022 , 17 , 2103226..
Guo, C. J.; Xie, J. Y.; Wang, J.; Li, L.; Zhu, Z.; Xie, L.; Mao, Y. Y.; Hu, W. B. Significantly enhanced electrochemical redox for high-performance electrochemical capacitor via active ion-tunnel oriented BaCoF 4 electrodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021 , 11 , 2003734..
Zhao, Z.; Xia, K.; Hou, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lu, J. Designing flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics: from conductive polymers. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021 , 50 , 12702−12743..
He, J. Y.; Cao, L. Q.; Cui, J. J.; Fu, G. W.; Jiang, R. Y.; Xu, X.; Guan, C. Flexible energy storage devices to power the future. Adv. Mater . 2023 , 2306090..
Jiang, Y.; Ou, J. F.; Luo, Z. C.; Chen, Y. H.; Wu, Z. H.; Wu, H.; Fu, X. B.; Luo, S. J.; Huang, Y. High capacitive antimonene/CNT/PANI free-standing electrodes for flexible supercapacitor engaged with self-healing function. Small 2022 , 18 , 2201377..
Huang, H.; Zhao, Y. P.; Cong, T. Z.; Li, C. W.; Wen, N. X.; Zuo, X. Q.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, H.; Fan, Z.; Pan, L. J. Flexible and alternately layered high-loading film electrode based on 3D carbon nanocoils and PEDOT:PSS for high-energy-density supercapacitor. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110777..
Lv, X. J.; Xu, H. F.; Yang, Y. Y.; Ouyang, M.; Xia, M. N.; Liu, C. Y.; Wright, D. S.; Zhang, C. Flexible laterally-configured electrochromic supercapacitor with feasible patterne d display. Chem. Eng. J. 2023 , 458 , 141453..
Pathak, D. K.; Moon, H. C. Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview. Mater. Horiz. 2022 , 9 , 2949−2975..
Feng, T.; Liu, L. F.; Mao, S. X.; Xue, H. M.; Zhao, J. S.; Bai, Y.; Zhao, W. Z. Polyoxometalate/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposites enabling visualization of energy storage status in multicolor electrochromic supercapacitors. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2023 , 641 , 158450..
Zhong, Y.; Chai, Z. S.; Liang, Z. M.; Sun, P.; Xie, W. G.; Zhao, C. X.; Mai, W. J. Electrochromic asymmetric supercapacitor windows enable direct determination of energy status by the naked eye. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017 , 9 , 34085−34092..
Topal, S.; Ipek, O. S.; Sezer, E.; Ozturk, T. Electrochromic-hybrid energy storage material consisting of triphenylamine and dithienothiophene. Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 434 , 133868..
Yun, T. G.; Park, M.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, D.; Cheong, J. Y.; Bae, J. G.; Han, S. M.; Kim, I. D . All-transparent stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor wearable patch device. ACS Nano 2019 , 13 , 3141−3150..
Zhou, X.; Chen, Q.; Wang, A. Q.; Xu, J.; Wu, S. S.; Shen, J. Bamboo-like composites of V 2 O 5 /polyindole and activated carbon cloth as electrodes for all-solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016 , 8 , 3776−3783..
Pati, S. K.; Patra, D.; Muduli, S.; Mishra, S.; Park, S. Energy storage application of conducting polymers featuring dual acceptors: exploring conjugation and flexible chain length effects. Small 2023 , 19 , 2300689..
Marriam, I.; Wang, Y. H.; Tebyetekerwa, M. Polyindole batteries and supercapacitors. Energy Storage Mater. 2020 , 33 , 336−359..
Fang, B.; Yan, J. M.; Chang, D.; Piao, J. L.; Ma, K. M.; Gu, Q.; Gao, P.; Chai, Y.; Tao, X. M. Scalable production of ultrafine polyaniline fibres for tactile organic electrochemical transistors. Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 2101..
Huang, H. H.; Li, F. Y.; Chu , Y. H. Synthesis and properties of poly(2,2′-dithiodianiline- co -aniline)-graphene oxide nanocomposite as electrode material for supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 2017 , 257 , 516−523..
Wang, R.; Li, J. W.; Gao, L.; Yu, J. S. One-step electropolymerized thieno[3,2- b ] thiophene-based bifunctional electrode with controlled color conversion for electrochromic energy storage application. Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 445 , 136731..
Jadoun, S.; Rathore, D. S.; Riaz, U.; Chauhan, N. P. S. Tailoring of conducting polymers via copolymerization-a review. Eur. Polym. J. 2021 , 155 , 110561..
Abutalip, M.; Zhigerbayeva, G.; Kanzhigitova, D.; Askar, P.; Yeszhan, Y.; Pham, T. T.; Adilov, S.; Luque, R.; Nuraje, N. Strategic synthesis of 2D and 3D conducting polymers and derived nanocomposites. Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 3776−3783..
Chang, X. Y.; El-Kady, M. F.; Huang, A. L.; Lin, C. W.; Aguilar, S.; Anderson, M.; Zhu, J. Z. J.; Kaner, R. B. 3D graphene network with covalently-grafted aniline tetramer for ultralong-life supercapacitors. Adv. Funct. Mater . 2021 , 31 , 2102397..
Huang, S. Q.; Bi, D. J.; Xia, Y. F.; Lin, H. J. Facile construction of three-dimensional architectures of a nanostructured polypyrrole on carbon nanotube fibers and their effect on supercapacitor performance. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2023 , 6 , 856−864..
Zhao, J. W.; Xu, S. M.; Tschulik, K.; Compton, R. G.; Wei, M.; O'Hare, D.; Evans, D. G.; Duan, X. Molecular-scale hybridization of clay monolayers and conducting polymer for thin-film supercapacitors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015 , 25 , 2745−2753..
Dai, Y. Y.; Li, W. J.; Zhao, R. Y.; Huang, Q. D.; Xu, N.; Yuan, F. Y.; Zhang, C. Quadruple thiophene based electrochromic electrodeposited film as high performance hybrid energy storage system. Electrochim. Acta 2019 , 318 , 322−332..
Wang, H. J.; Chan, L. H.; Chen, C. P.; Lin, S. L.; Lee, R. H.; Jeng, R. J. Bulky side-chain density effect on the photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of polythiophene derivatives. Polymer 2011 , 52 , 326−338..
Antonello, S.; Arrigoni, G.; Dainese, T.; DeNardi, M.; Parisio, G.; Pe rotti, L.; René, A.; Venzo, A.; Maran, F. Electron transfer through 3D mono layers on Au 25 clusters. ACS Nano 2014 , 8 , 2788−2795..
Schroeder, B. C.; Huang, Z. G.; Ashraf, R. S.; Smith, J.; D'Angelo, P.; Watkins, S. E.; Anthopoulos, T. D.; Durrant, J. R.; McCulloch, I. Silaindacenodithiophene-based low band gap polymers-the effect of fluorine substitution on device performances and film morphologies. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012 , 22 , 1663−1670..
Wu, Z. X.; Zhao, Q.; Luo, X. Y.; Ma, H. D.; Zheng, W. Q.; Yu, J. W.; Zhang, Z. L.; Zhang, K. Y.; Qu, K.; Yang, R. P.; Jian, N. N.; Hou, J.; Liu, X. M.; Xu, J. K.; Lu, B. Y. Low-cost fabrication of high-performance fluorinated polythiophene-based Vis-NIR electrochromic devices toward deformable display and camouflage. Chem. Mater. 2022 , 34 , 9923−9933..
Kranthiraja, K.; Kim, S.; Lee, C.; Gunasekar, K.; Sree, V. G.; Gautam, B.; Gundogdu, K.; Jin, S. H.; Kim, B. J. The impact of sequential fluorination of π-conjugated polymers on charge generation in all-polymer solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017 , 27 , 1701256..
Opoku, H.; Lee, J. H.; Nketia-Yawson, B.; Bae, S.; Lee, J. J.; Ahn, H.; Jo, J. W. Configurationally random polythiophene for improved polymer ordering and charge-transporting ability. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020 , 12 , 40599−40606..
Wang, W. Y.; Lei, X. F.; He, X. W.; Liu, Z. X.; Li, C. M.; Chen, Y. H.; Zhu, B. L.; Zhang, Q. Y. The impact of sequential fluorination of π-conjugated polymers on charge generation in all-polymer solar cells. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2021 , 201 , 108559..
Nie, G. M.; Yang, H. J.; Wang, S.; Li, X. M. High-quality inherently organic conducting polymers electrosynthesized from fused-ring compounds in a new electrolytic system based on boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2011 , 36 , 209−228..
Meng, X. X.; Zhang, D. Y.; Wang, B.; He, Y. L.; Xia, X.; Yang, B.; Han, Z. Y. Biomass-derived phosphorus-doped hierarchical porous carbon fabricated by microwave irritation under ambient atmosphere with high supercapacitance performance in trifluoroacetic acid electrolyte. J. Energy Storage 2023 , 57 , 106345..
Zhang, Q.; Huang, J. Y.; Wang, K.; Huang, W. Recent structural engineering of polymer semiconductors incorporating hydrogen bonds. Adv. Mater. 2022 , 34 , 2110639..
Mao, T. J.; Wang, S.; Yong, Z. P.; Wang, Z.; Wang, X.; Chen, H.; Liu, G.; Wang, D.; Wang, Z. High-stable, outstanding heat resistance ionogel electrolyte and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes with excellent long-term stability for all-solid-state supercapacitor. Chem. Eng. J. 2021 , 417 , 129269..
Na, J.; Zheng, D. H.; Kim, J.; Yamauchi, Y.; Azhar, A.; Lin, J. J.; Yamauchi, Y. Material nanoarchitectonics of functional polymers and inorganic nanomaterials for smart supercapacitors. Small 2022 , 18 , 2102397..
Zhao, F. F.; Wang, B.; Zhang, W.; Cao, S.; Liu, L. H.; Elezzabi, A. Y.; Li, H. Z.; Yu, W. W. Counterbalancing the interplay between electrochromism and energy storage for efficient electrochromic devices. Mater. Today 2023 , 66 , 431−447..
Lin, M. Y.; Hu, H. J.; Zhou, S.; Xu, S. Soft wearable devices for deep-tissue sensing. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2022 , 7 , 850−869..
Tan, P.; Wang, H. F.; Xiao, F. R.; Lu, X.; Shang, W. H.; Deng, X. B.; Song, H. F.; Xu, Z. Y.; Cao, J. F.; Gan, T. S.; Wang, B.; Zhou, X. C. Solution-processable, soft, self-adhesive, and conductive polymer composites for soft electronics. Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 358..
0
Views
240
Downloads
1
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802046900号