Microstructure Evolution and Strain Softening of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Xuan-Yu Shi; Shi-Hao Sun; Li Yang; Jun Zhong; Xiao-Feng Yu; Zheng Xu; Min Zuo; Yi-Hu Song; Qiang Zheng

doi:10.1007/s10118-023-3025-0

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Microstructure Evolution and Strain Softening of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2023-11-27

- Microstructure Evolution and Strain Softening of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 41, Issue 12, Pages: 1947-1957(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  a.Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  b.Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Author bio：
  
  kezuomin@zju.edu.cn (M.Z.)
  zhengqiang@zju.edu.cn (Q.Z.)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-023-3025-0
  CLC：
- Received：28 April 2023，
  
  Revised：2023-6-19，
  
  Accepted：03 July 2023，
  
  Online First：22 August 2023，
  
  Published：01 December 2023
- Accepted：
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Shi, X. Y.; Sun, S. H.; Yang, L.; Zhong, J.; Yu, X. F.; Xu, Z.; Zuo, M.; Song, Y. H.; Zheng, Q. Microstructure evolution and strain softening of carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2023, 41, 1947–1957

Xuan-Yu Shi, Shi-Hao Sun, Li Yang, et al. Microstructure Evolution and Strain Softening of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2023, 41(12): 1947-1957.
Shi, X. Y.; Sun, S. H.; Yang, L.; Zhong, J.; Yu, X. F.; Xu, Z.; Zuo, M.; Song, Y. H.; Zheng, Q. Microstructure evolution and strain softening of carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2023, 41, 1947–1957 DOI： 10.1007/s10118-023-3025-0.

Xuan-Yu Shi, Shi-Hao Sun, Li Yang, et al. Microstructure Evolution and Strain Softening of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2023, 41(12): 1947-1957. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-023-3025-0.

摘要

The Mullins effect is mainly dominated by the natural rubber (NR) matrix and the effect of carbon black (CB) phase is the strain amplification of NR viscoelasticity. Cyclic stretching may lead to the destruction of CB aggregates and the interface between CB and NR segments.

Abstract

Incorporation of carbon black (CB) in natural rubber (NR) enhances the Mullins effect and Payne effect of their vulcanizates

but the strain softening mechanisms and the microstructure evolution in the vulcanizates have not been clearly concluded so far. We investigate the Mullins effect and Payne effect of CB filled NR vulcanizates by using cyclic tensile tests at different temperatures and dynamic rheological measurements combined with simultaneous electric conduction. During cyclic stretching

the normalized recovery hysteresis energy and accumulative softening energy for NR/CB vulcanizates with different loadings can be both superimposed on a master curve

indicating that the Mullins effect is mainly dominated by the rubber matrix. The irreversible simultaneous resistance evolution also reveals that the structural evolution of nanoparticles (NPs) network is not directly related to the Mullins effect. Moreover

the extension of linear viscoelastic region and the hysteresis of Payne effect for filled vulcanizates subjected to cyclic stretching indicate the destruction of CB aggregated structure and the interfacial layers between CB and rubber chains during cyclic stretching. This investigation would be illuminating for the microstructure evolution and strain softening of rubber nanocomposites under harsh service conditions.

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